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1、第26卷第10期生态学报Vol.26,No.102006年10月ACTAECOLOGICASINICAOct.,2006污染土壤微生物群落结构多样性及功能多样性测定方法3陈承利,廖敏,曾路生(污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室,浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310029)摘要:土壤微生物在促进土壤质量和植物健康方面发挥着重要的作用,土壤微生物群落结构和组成的多样性及其变化在一定程度上反映了土壤质量。为了更好地了解土壤健康状况,非常有必要发展有效的方法来研究污染土壤微生物的多样性、分布以及行为等。回顾了近年来国内外污染土壤微生物群落结构
2、多样性及功能多样性的测定方法,包括生物化学技术和分子生物学技术,现将它们的原理、优缺点、实用性及其发展动态作一阐述,同时指出结合这两种技术可为微生物群落分析提供一个更全面的、精确的方法。关键词:污染土壤;微生物多样性;分子生物学;BIOLOG;PLFA;PCR;DNA文章编号:100020933(2006)1023404209中图分类号:Q143,Q938,S154文献标识码:AMethodstomeasurethemicrobialcommunitystructureandfunctionaldiversityinpollutedso
3、ils3CHENCheng2Li,LIAOMin,ZENGLu2Sheng(MOEKeyLaboratory,EnvironmentalRemediationandEcosystemHealth,CollegeofEnvironmentalandResourcesSciences,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,310029,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2006,26(10):3404～3412.Abstract:Soilmicroorganisms,suchasbacteriaandf
4、ungi,playimportantrolesinpromotingsoilqualityandimprovingplanthealthandnutrition,thusinfluencingterrestrialecosystems.Increasinganthropogenicactivities,suchassprawlingurbanization,agriculturaldevelopment,pesticidesutilization,andpollutionsfromallsources,canpotentiallyaff
5、ectsoilmicrobialcommunitycompositionanddiversity,leadingtodeteriorationofsoilqualityandfertility.However,itisyettobedeterminedhowthesechangesinmicrobialdiversitycaninfluencesurfaceandgroundecosystems.Tothatend,thereisanacuteneedforreliableandaccuratemethodstostudythecomm
6、unitystructureandtaxonomyofsoilmicroorganisms.Withoutthedevelopmentofeffectivemethodsforstudyingthemicrobialdiversity,distribution,andbehaviorinpollutedsoil,athoroughunderstandingofmicrobialdiversity,aswellasitsimpactonsoilhealth,cannotbeachieved.Thedeterminationofspecie
7、sdiversitydependsonseveralfactorsincludingtheintensityofeachspecies,thetotalnumberofspeciespresent,speciesevenness,andthespatialdistributionofspecies.Methodstomeasuremicrobialcommunitystructureandfunctionaldiversityinpollutedsoilscanbeclassifiedintotwogroups,i.e.,biochem
8、ical2basedtechniquesandmolecularbiological2basedtechniques.Typically,diversitystudiesincludetherelative
