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1、Sonnet:Afourteen-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.Therearegenerallytwokindsofsonnets:thePetrarchansonnetandtheShakespeareansonnet.TheShakespeareansonnetconsistsof3quatrainsandonecouplet.Thethreequatrainsaredevotedtothedifferentaspectsofonesubject,parallelinginstructure.Theconcl
2、udingcoupletisactuallythesummaryorcommentsmadebythepoet.OnetellingexampleisSonnet18byShakespeare.Soliloquy:Itreferstoanextendedspeechdeliveredbyacharacteraloneonstage.Thecharacterrevealshisorherinnermostthoughtsandfeelingsdirectlytotheaudience,asifthinkingaloud.Oneofthemostfamoussoliloquiesisthepa
3、rtofShakespeare’sHamlet,beginningwiththeline“Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion.”Conceit:Conceitisactuallyanextendedmetaphor.Itreferstothecomparisondrawnbetweentwostartlinglydifferentobjects.Theleadingfigureofthe“MetaphysicalSchool”,JohnDonne,makesahighuseofconceitsinhispoeticcreation.Forinstance,he
4、comparesthesoulsofloverstocompasses.Imagery：Ageneraltermthatcoverstheuseoflanguagetorepresentsensoryexperience.Itreferstothewordsthatcreatepicturesorimagesinthereader’smind.Imagesareprimarilyvisualandcanappealtoothersensesaswell,touch,taste,smellandhearing.Ode：Acomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writ
5、teninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubject.Odesareoftenwrittenforaspecialoccasion,tohonorapersonoraseasonortocommemorateanevent.TwofamousodesarePercyShelley’s“OdetotheWestWind”andJohnKeats’s“OdeonaGrecianUrn”.莎士比亚十四行诗第18首WilliamShakespeare-Sonnet#18ShallIcomparetheetoaSummer'sday?Thouar
6、tmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,AndSummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoft'ishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature'schangingcourseuntrimm'd:ButthyeternalSummershallnotfadeNorlosepossessiono
7、fthatfairthouowest;NorshallDeathbragthouwanderestinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowest:Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比他可爱也比他温婉；狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出
