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1、书写系统:s音节书写法:syllabicwriting语言的特性任意性:Arbitrariness,创造性:creativity,文化传递性:culturaltransmission,二重性:duality,位移性:displacement,离散性:discreteness语音学及音位学:语音学:Phonetics,语音学的分类:theclassificationofphonetics;发音语音学articulatoryphonetics,听觉语音学auditoryphonetics,声学语音学acousticphonetics,法
2、医语音学forensicphonetics;双元音:diphthong清辅音voiceless,浊辅音:voiced,鼻辅音nasal,双唇音bilabial,爆破音:stop,摩擦音:fricative,边音:lateral音位学:Phonology,音位配列组合:soundcombination,音位:phoneme,音素:phone音位变体:allophone,最小对比对:Minimalpair音节:Syllable:音节头onset,音节核:nucleus,音节尾:coda构词法及形态学:形态学:Morphology,词素:
3、morpheme,自由词素:Freemorpheme,粘着词素:boundmorpheme,实义词素:lexicalmorpheme,功能词素:functionalmorpheme,派生词素:derivationalmorpheme,曲折词素:inflectionalmorpheme词素变体:allomorph,词根:Root,词干:stems,词缀:affix,前缀:prefix,后缀suffix,词:word,构词法:合成:compounding,缩略:clipping,首字母缩写法acronym,混合法blending,派生法
4、:derivation,逆构法backformation,借词:borrowing,造词:coinage句法学句法学Syntax,直接成分分析法:ICanalysis,树状图:treediagram,用括号标记句子成分:bracketing,句子成分constituent,语义学语义学:Semantics,词汇关系:Lexicalrelations:同义关系synonymy,同义词:synonym,同义关系的:synonymous,反义关系:,反义词:antonym,反义关系的:antonymous,等级反义:gradableAnt
5、onymy,互补反义关系:complementaryAntonymy,反向反义关系:converse/reverseAntonymy上下义关系:hyponymy,下义词:hyponym,共同下义词:Co-hyponym,同音异义关系:homophony,同音异义词:homophone,同形异义关系:homonymy,同形异义词:homonym,同形异义词:homograph,一词多义:polysemy,原型:prototype,词义关系:semanticrelation:施动者:agent,受动者:theme,方位:location
6、,来源:source,语义特征:semanticfeatures,具有动物特征的:+animate,具有成年特征的:+adult,具有男性特征的:+male,etc.语用学、语篇分析语用学:Pragmatics合作原则:Theco-operativeprinciple:质量准则:Themaximofquality,数量准则:Themaximofquantity,方式准则:Themaximofmanner,关系准则:Themaximofrelation预设:Presupposition,言语行为理论:Speechacttheory,礼
7、貌原则:thepolitenesstheory,面子理论:face,消极面子:negativeface,积极面子:positiveface第一语言习得过度概括:Overgeneralization,儿童学习语言的基本条件:basicrequirementsofababytolearnalanguage第二语言习得迁移:Transfer,负迁移:negativetransfer,语法翻译法:grammar-translationmethod,听说法;audio-lingualmethod交际法:communicativeapproac
8、h