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《西汉易学的主要问题及其解释旨趣的转变-论文.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、周易研究2014年第3期(总第一二五期)西汉易学的主要问题及其解释旨趣的转变丁四新(武汉大学哲学学院、国学院,湖北武汉4300;/2)摘要:从先秦至西汉武帝时期,《周易》经历了从“卜筮之书”到“经书”,从“稽疑”到穷究“天人之道”的转变。西汉初期属于祖师《易》阶段,诸位祖师多著有《易传》,它们为西汉中后期经学《易》的成立和发展奠定了基础。汉初易学以自然哲学的阴阳天道观为主导。而包含了对于人事的说理。可以确定,帛书《易传》的制作晚于今本,且前者对于后者的抄录现象十分严重,而汉初诸《易传》可能也是如此。武宣时期,《周易》不但在朝廷及精英的层面上实现了“经书”性质及其地
2、位的大转变,而且其师法和家法的传统亦得以迅速确立和展开。自丁宽至于施、孟、梁丘三家,《易》章句之学兴起,彼时的章句简明扼要,不过“训故(旨趣)举大谊(义)”而已;而随着京氏《易》立于学官,《易》阴阳灾异说也泛滥于元成之世。哀平时期,《易纬》诸书兴起,它们是谶纬思潮流行的结果。此外,《易林》和《太玄》二书也值得重视,它们既是仿经之作,也是造经之作,同时反映出汉人对待经典的态度。关键词:西汉;易学;阴阳;立经;师法中图分类号:B221文献标识码:A文章编号:1003—3882(2014)03-0005—12TheMainIssuesoftheWesternHanSch
3、olarshipontheChangesandTransformationsofItsHermeneuticPurportsDINGSi.xin(SchoolofPhilosophy,WuhanUniversitytWuhan430072,China)Abstract:Fromthepre-Qintimes[i.e.,before221BCE]totheeraofEmperorWu(r.141-87BCE),theZhouChangesexpefi—encedatransformationfroma“divinationmanual”toa“classic”,fr
4、om“solvingdoubts”to“revealingtheDao(Way)ofheavenandman”.TheearlyWesternBan(202BCE一9CE)belongstotheperiodofprogenitors’te~hingsoftheChanges,eachofwhomcon-tributedtheirCommentariesontheChanges-whichbecamethebasisfortheestablishmentanddevelopmentoftheClassicalChangesinmidandlateWesternHa
5、n.TheDao(way)ofheavenbasedony/n一ngtheoryandnaturalphilosophyplayedamajorroleinthescholarshipontheChangesinearlyWesternHan,inwhichdiscussionsofhumanafairswerealsoincluded.Certainly。theMawangduisilkversionoftheCommentariesontheChangesdatedlaterthanthereceivedversionandaconsiderableparto
6、ftheformerWascopiedfromthelatter,thevarietyoftheCommentariesoftheearlyWesternHanmightbethe8a/hecase.Fromthe陀igl】ofEmperorWutotheeraofEmperorXuan(r.74-49BCE),theZhouChangesnotonlyrealizedcanonizationandpromotionofpositionintheimperialcourtandelites,itsmodesofmasters’teachingsandfamilyt
7、ransmissionswerealsorapidlyestablishedandunfolded.FromDingKuantothethroebranchesofShiChou。MengXi。andLiangqiuHe’SY/learning,sentencebysentenceinterpretationsoftheChangesrose,buttheirexplanationsareconcise.AfterJingFang’S(77-37BCEJY/learningwasofficiallyadmitted,thetheoriescorrelatingna
8、tural
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