海洋化学与生物海洋.ppt

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1、MarineChemistryandBiologicalOceanography海洋化學與生物海洋BiologystartswithchemistryBiologicalprocesses–thelevelsofelementsandcompoundsAbundanceofbiotaandtropicrelationship–chemicalparameters,salinity,dissolvedoxygenandnutrientGlobalwatercycleturnovertimeTheoceanhasaturnovertimeof

2、about37,000yearswithrespecttoriverinflow.Thisishowlongitwouldtaketofilltheoceanifitweretotallydry.Turnovertimesaredefinedasthemassinthereservoirdividedbytheinputorremovalrate.Bycomparisontheaverageresidencetimeofwaterintheatmospherewithrespecttoevaporationfromtheoceansand

3、continentsisonlyabout10days.ScopeofChemicalOceanography:FundamentalQuestions-Whatarethechemicalcontrolsonbiologicalproductionandfoodwebstructureoftheocean?Insomeoceanareasironlimitsphytoplanktongrowth.Martin(1991)conductedexperimentswhereheaddedirontosamplesandshowedthata

4、ddingironstimulatedgrowthrateandalsostimulateddiatomproduction.Martin(1991)conductedexperimentswhereheaddedirontosamplesandshowedthataddingironstimulatedgrowthrateandalsostimulateddiatomproduction.-Inwhatwaysdobiologicalprocessescontrolthedistributionsofchemicalsintheocea

5、n?Photosynthesisandrespirationcontrolthedistributionofmanyelementsinseawater.Compositionsofseawater0.45mmfilterPassed–Cannotpass–Humicacid,proteinandaminoacid,polysaccharide,pigments,inorganiccolloids(ironhydroxide)salinityTotalamountofsaltsinwaterBioavailabilityCanbeutil

6、izedbycells-membranerelatedtodissolvedmaterialsandparticulatematerialsMostparticulatematerialscannotbeefficientlyutilizedbyphytoplanktonandalgae理由:largesizeofparticulatematerials–cannotpassthroughcellmembraneorviathechannelSpeciationandglobalhydrologicalcycle7days3550days

7、GlobalhydrologicalcycleTime-dependenteventsDissolvedgasesOxygen:dissolvedoxygen(DO)Surface,temperature,biologicalutilizationandemission2.0-10mg/LintertidalregionsVerticaldistribution:50mnovariationPhotosynthesis(+O2)Respiration(-O2)PrimaryproductivityCO2cycleCO2(gas)↔CO2(

8、dissolved)H2O+CO2↔H2CO3H2CO3↔H++HCO3-HCO3-↔H++CO32-Ca2++CO32-↔CaCO3(solid)表示法:alkalinity(A)–then