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1、生物技术的四大支柱发酵工程WhatareMicroorganisms?Virus(病毒）Non-cellmicrobesBacteria(细菌）Archaea(远古细菌）Algae(藻类）Fungi(真菌:酵母、霉菌）Protozoa(原生动物）Eukaryotes(真核生物）Prokaryotes(原核生物)Microorganismsarefree-livingcellsPlantsandAnimalsarecomposedofmanycells,thesearemulticellular.Mic
2、roorganismsarefree-livingcells.WhatareProkaryotes?Prokaryotes:Bacteria(细菌)Archaea(远古细菌)Actinomycetes(放线菌)Mycoplasma(支原体)Rickettsia(立克氏体)Chlamydia(衣原体)Cyanobacteria(篮细菌)WhatareEukaryoticMicroorganisms?AlgaeFungiSlimemoldsProtozoaProkaryoticandeukatypticc
3、ellsVirus:Virus,ViroidsandPrionsIsMicrobiologyUseful?Yes!Asabasicbiologicalscience,themostaccessibleresearchtoolsforprobingthenatureoflifeprocessesAsanappliedbiologicalscience,manylargescaleindustrialprocessesaremicrobiallybased:BIOTECHNOLOGYProductsfro
4、mMicroorganismsGeneticallyEngineeredMicroorganismsManyhigh-value-addedpeptidedrugsareproducedbygeneticallyengineeredmicro-organisms:Bloodproteins(Erythropoietin,FactorsVII,VIII,IX)Humanhormones(Epidermalgrowthfactor,Humangrowthhormone,Insulin,Nervegrowt
5、hfactor)Immunemodulators(a-Interferon,b-Interferon)Vaccines(HepatitisB,Measles,Rabies)FiveCommonCharacteristicsofMicroorganisms1.Smallvolume,largesurfacearea2.Fastabsorptionandconversion3.Rapidduplicationandgrowth4.Strongadaptability5.Widespreaddistribu
6、tionanddiversifiedspeciesFiveCommonCharacteristicsofMicroorganisms1.Smallvolume,largesurfacearea.Figureontheleft:Thesizeofavirusincomparisontoabacterialandanimalcell.FiveCommonCharacteristicsofMicroorganisms2.FastabsorptionandconversionForexample:5g/lof
7、bacteria(celldryweight)AzotobactervinelandiiUWDcanconsumed10g/lofglucosetodoubleitsweightto10g/lwithinlessthan5h.Howaboutyou?FiveCommonCharacteristicsofMicroorganisms3.RapidduplicationandgrowthAnEcherischecoli(大肠杆菌）cellcandoubleitselfwithin15minutes,ita
8、lsomeansitsweightincreasesonefoldwithin15minutes.Howfastcanyougrow??FiveCommonCharacteristicsofMicroorganisms4.Strongadaptability(Adapttoextremenvironment,suchashighsaltconcentration,hightemperature,antibioticresistant)FiveCommon
