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1、划，在研究的过程中，应该反复修改这些计划或提要。哈佛化学教授教你写论文研究工作开始时，应有完善的计划；工作结束时，应充分的总结。](超级实用，人人必读，人人擅用)miaolizhong发表于2006-10-2214:23:002.Outlines说明：本文是哈佛化学与化学生物学学院G.M.2.1Thereasonforoutlines.Whitesides教授研究小组内部分发的论文写作方法，从Iemphasizethecentralplaceofanoutlineinwriting中我们不但可以学到如何有效的写作论文，而且可以papers,preparings
2、eminars,andplanningresearch.I学到一个科研小组是如何协作完成论文的写作。especiallybelievethatforyou,andforme,itismostefficienttowritepapersfromoutlines.AnoutlineisaWhitesidesGroup:WritingaPaperwrittenplanoftheorganizationofapaper,includingtheGeorgeM.Whitesidesdataonwhichitrests.Youshould,infact,thinkofan
3、DepartmentofChemistryandChemicalBiology,Harvardoutlineasacarefullyorganizedandpresentedsetofdata,University,Cambridge,MA02138,USAwithattendantobjectives,hypothesesandconclusions,ratherthananoutlineoftext.1.Whatisascientificpaper?[按照提纲进行写作是最有效的方法][提纲是一篇论文Apaperisanorganizeddescriptio
4、nofhypotheses,data的行文计划，应该包括论文所依靠的数据。提纲不仅andconclusions,intendedtoinstructthereader.Papers仅是列出各段的内容，而是按照目的，假说，结论areacentralpartofresearch.Ifyourresearchdoesnot来精心组织数据。]generatepapers,itmightjustaswellnothavebeendone.Anoutlineitselfcontainslittletext.IfyouandIcan“Interestingandunpubl
5、ished”isequivalenttoagreeonthedetailsoftheoutline(thatis,onthedataand“non-existent.”organization),thesupportingtextcanbeassembledfairly[科技论文是集假说、数据和结论为一体的概括性描述]easily.Ifwedonotagreeontheoutline,anytextisRealizethatyourobjectiveinresearchistoformulateuseless.Muchofthetimeinwritingapa
6、pergoesintotheandtesthypotheses,todrawconclusionsfromthesetests,text;mostofthethoughtgoesintotheorganizationoftheandtoteachtheseconclusionstoothers.Yourobjectiveisdataandintotheanalysis.Itcanberelativelyefficienttonotto“collectdata.”gothroughseveral(evenmany)cyclesofanoutline[研究的目的是
7、为了形成并证实假说，得出结论，不是beforebeginningtowritetext;writingmanyversionsof简单的数据收集。]thefulltextofapaperisslow.Apaperisnotjustanarchivaldeviceforstoringa[在我们就提纲达成一致以前，写正文是没有意义completedresearchprogram,itisalsoastructurefor的][在动笔前，详细讨论几遍写作提纲会提高写作效planningyourresearchinprogress.Ifyouclearly率；写很多遍
8、正文反倒很慢]understandth
