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1、TheMemorabiliaTheMemorabiliabyXenophonTranslationbyH.G.Dakyns1TheMemorabiliaBOOKIIIhaveoftenwonderedbywhatargumentsthosewhoindicted[1]SocratescouldhavepersuadedtheAtheniansthathislifewasjustlyforfeittothestate.Theindictmentwastothiseffect:"Socratesisguiltyofcrimeinrefusingtorecognisethego
2、dsacknowledgedbythestate,andimportingstrangedivinitiesofhisown;heisfurtherguiltyofcorruptingtheyoung."[1]{oigrapsamenoi}=Meletus(below,IV.iv.4,viii.4;"Apol."11,19),Anytus("Apol."29),andLycon.SeePlat."Apol."II.v.18;Diog.Laert.II.v.(Socr.);M.Schanz,"Plat.Apol.mitdeutschenKemmentar,Einleitun
3、g,"S.5foll.Inthefirstplace,whatevidencedidtheyproducethatSocratesrefusedtorecognisethegodsacknowledgedbythestate?Wasitthathedidnotsacrifice?orthathedispensedwithdivination?Onthecontrary,hewasoftentobeseenengagedinsacrifice,athomeoratthecommonaltarsofthestate.Norwashisdependenceondivinatio
4、nlessmanifest.Indeedthatsayingofhis,"Adivinity[2]givesmeasign,"wasoneverybody'slips.Somuchsothat,ifIamnotmistaken,itlayattherootoftheimputationthatheimportednoveldivinities;thoughtherewasnogreaternoveltyinhiscasethaninthatofotherbelieversinoracularhelp,whocommonlyrelyonomensofallsorts:the
5、flightorcryofbirds,theutterancesofman,chancemeetings,[3]oravictim'sentrails.Evenaccordingtothepopularconception,itisnotthemerefowl,itisnotthechanceindividualonemeets,whoknowswhatthingsareprofitableforaman,butitisthegodswhovouchsafebysuchinstrumentstosignifythesame.ThiswasalsothetenetofSoc
6、rates.Only,whereasmenordinarilyspeakofbeingturnedaside,orurgedonwardsbybirds,orothercreaturesencounteredonthe2TheMemorabiliapath,Socratessuitedhislanguagetohisconviction."Thedivinity,"saidhe,"givesmeasign."Further,hewouldconstantlyadvisehisassociatestodothis,orbewareofdoingthat,upontheaut
7、horityofthissamedivinevoice;and,asamatteroffact,thosewholistenedtohiswarningsprospered,whilsthewhoturnedadeafeartothemrepentedafterwards.[4]Yet,itwillbereadilyconceded,hewouldhardlydesiretopresenthimselftohiseverydaycompanionsinthecharacterofeitherknaveorfool.Wherea
