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时间:2020-03-29
《不同覆盖措施对旱区农田土壤酶活性及西瓜产量的影响.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、第32卷第3期干旱地区农业研究Vol.32No.32014年5月AgriculturalResearchintheAridAreasMay2014不同覆盖措施对旱区农田土壤酶活性及西瓜产量的影响吴宏亮1,2,许强2,陈阜1,康建宏2,张海林1,张战胜2(1.中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/农业部农作制度重点实验室,北京100193;2.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021)摘要:基于大田试验,研究了砂石+地膜覆盖,砂石覆
2、盖,地膜覆盖3种旱区农田地表不同覆盖措施下的土壤酶活性及西瓜产量,以农田不覆盖(CK)为对照。结果表明:砂石+地膜覆盖在西瓜不同生育时期和不同土壤层次由于土壤水分条件的改善,可显著提高土壤酶活性,其中土壤脲酶活性提高了34.5%,碱性磷酸酶提高了13.0%,过氧化氢酶提高了29.5%,砂石覆盖次之(分别提高了31.4%,11.5%,25.5%),地膜覆膜处理虽然也有提高土壤三种酶活性的效果,但作用甚微(仅0.9%,1.4%,2.9%)。对西瓜产量及商品率的影响,砂石+地膜覆盖、砂石覆盖处理与对照相比增产效果显著,分别增产50倍和30倍,地膜覆盖
3、与对照相比增产7倍,但是商品率较低(2.16%)。表明在当地旱区农业生产中,砂石+地膜覆盖或砂石覆盖是抗旱、增产增收的有效措施。关键词:砂石覆盖;地膜覆盖;西瓜;土壤酶活性;土壤含水量;旱地农田中图分类号:S651.048;S154.2文献标志码:A文章编号:10007601(2014)03017306Effectofdifferentmulchingmethodsonsoilenzymeactivityandwatermelonproductioninfarmlandofaridareas1,2,XUQiang2,CHENFu1,KAN
4、GJianhong2,ZHANGHailin1,ZHANGZhansheng2WUHongliang(1.CollegeofAgronomyandBiotechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity;KeyLaboratoryofFarmingSystem,MinistryofAgriculture,Beijing100193,China;2.CollegeofAgronomy,NingxiaUniversity,Yinchuan750021,China)Abstract:Soilenzymeactivit
5、yandwatermelonproductionwereinvestigatedbyfieldexperimentinaridareas.Fourtreatmentswereperformed,gravelsandandplasticfilmmulching(GFM),gravelsandmulching(GM),plasticfilmmulching(FM),andbarefarmland(CK).TheresultsindicatedthattheGFMsignificantlyincreasedactivitiesofsoilurea
6、se,alkaline,catalasephosphataseby34.5%,13.0%,and29.5%,ascomparedwiththeCK,duetotheimprovedthesoilwatercontentindifferentsoildepthduringdifferentgrowthstages.GMtreatmentalsoshowedsignificanteffect,withthoseenzymesincreasedby31.4%,11.5%,25.5%,respectively.Inaddition,minimalin
7、fluenceofFMwasdetected.Watermelonyieldanditscommercializationratevariedwiththetreatments.IncomparisonwiththeCK,theyieldwassignificantlyincreasedby50timesand30timesforGFMandGMrespectively.Bycontrast,thecommercializationratewasverylow(2.16%).Itwassuggestedthatthecombinationof
8、gravelsandandplasticfilmmulching(GFM)orgravelsandmulching(GM)shouldbeempl
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