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1、非谓语动词动词不定式todo动名词doing现在分词doing过去分词done一、作主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数1)把不定式置于句首。如:Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:①It+be+名词+todoIt‘sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.②Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?③It+be+形容
2、词+forsb+todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.常用表示客观情况的形容词,如difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等④It+be+形容词+ofsb+todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly
3、,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis+形容词+todo句式,如:It’skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.1.动名词doing一般表示动作或状态与谓语动词同时发生或存在,表示"打算"或"愿望"等动词后亦可表示将来的行为.一般时:writing(被动beingwritten)完成时:havewritten(被动havingbeenwritten)Iamveryfondofreading.动
4、名词的完成时表示动作或状态发生在谓语动词之前.IamsurpriseathishavingbeeninvitedtoLondon.动词ing形式2.动名词作主语Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.动名词作主语时,也常用It句式。如:①It‘s+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing…It’snogoodreadingindimlight.It‘snousesittingherewaiting.⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动
5、作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如:It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It‘snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don’tmind,giveup,insiston,putoff等。如:Isuggests
6、pendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.②动名词作介词的宾语Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech?动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doing,losenotime(in
7、)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,thereisnouse(in)doing等。部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。①forget,remember,regret后接不定式todo,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词doing表示动作已经发生。如:Don’tforgetfoposttheletterforme.HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.Iremember
8、writinghimaletterayearago.②meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着……Imeantt