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1、附录二外文原文和翻译shafts、couplingsandrollingcontactbearingskeywords:shafts、couplings、bearingsVirtuallyallmachinescontainshafts.Themostcommonshapeforshaftsiscircularandthecrosssectioncanbeeithersolidorhollow(hollowshaftscanresultinweightsavings).Rectangularshaftsaresometime
2、sused,asinscrewdriverblades,socketwrenchesandcontrolknobstems.Ashaftmusthaveadequatetorsionalstrengthtotransmittorqueandnotbeoverstressed.Italsobetorsionallystiffenoughsothatonemountedcomponentdoesnotdeviateexcessivelyfromitsoriginalangularpositionrelativetoasecond
3、componentmountedonthesameshaft.Generallyspeaking,theangleoftwistshouldnotexceedonedegreeinashaftlengthequalto20diameters.Shaftsaremountedinbearingsandtransmintpowerthroughsuchdevicesasgears,pullerys,camsandclutches.Thesedevicesintroduceforceswhichattempttobendthesh
4、aft;hence,theshaftmustberigidenoughtopreventoverloadingofthesupportingbearings.Ingeneral,thebendingdeflectionofashaftshouldnotexceed0.01in.perftoflengthbetweenbearingsupports.Inaddition,theshaftmustbeabletosustainacombinationofbendingandtorsionalloads.Thusanequival
5、entloadmustbeconsidered11whichtakesintoaccountbothtorsionandbending.Also,theallowablestressmustcontainafactorofsafetywhichincludesfatigue,sincetorsionalandbendingstressreversalsoccur.Fordiameterslessthan3in.,theusualshaftmaterialiscold-rolledateelcontainingabout0.4
6、percentcarbon.Shaftsareeithercold-rolledorforgedinsizesfrom3in.to5in.,shaftsareforgedandmachinedtosize.Pleasticshaftsarewidelyusedforlightloadapplications.Oneadvantageofusingplasticissafetyinelectricalapplications,sinceplasticisapoorconductorofelectricity.Component
7、ssuchasgearsandpulleysaremountedonshaftsbymeansofkey.Thedesignofthekeyandthecorrespondingkeywayintheshaftmustbeprperlyevaluated.Forexample,stressconcentrationsoccurinshaftsduetokeyways,andthematerialremovedtoformthekeywayfurtherweakenstheshaft.Ifshaftsarerunatcirti
8、calspeeds,severevibrationscanoccurwhichcanseriouslydamageamachine.Itisimportanttoknowthemagnitudeofthesecriticalspeedssothattheycanbeavoided.Asag
