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1、非谓语动词及其分类1.谓语动词与非谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词,叫做谓语动词;在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词,叫做非谓语动词。Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Iamreadinganovel.ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn.Seeingisbelieving.Theresultsobtainedarequitesatisfactory.Pleasestopspeaking.(谓语)(谓语)(状语)(主语和表语)(定语)(宾语)2.非
2、谓语动词的分类不定式(infinitive)分词(participle)动名词(gerund)3.非谓语动词的特点1)不能单独做谓语,但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.2)具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语。ThePartycalledonustoservethepeople.3)连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,laughingmerrily.Tobefrank,yourpla
3、nisnotpracticable.TheInfinitive不定式的构成(to)donot(to)do不定式的特点具有名词、形容词、副词的句法功能。有主动、被动语态、一般、进行或完成式一般形式进行式完成形式主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedone,tobebeingtaken,tohavebeendone不定式的用法:(1)作主语不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.Itmadem
4、everyhappytohearhertalkaboutit.【注意一】不定式的逻辑主语:不定式不能单独做谓语,因此没有语法上的主语,但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。IpromisedTomtoplaywithhim.Iaskedhimtoplaywithme.(toplay的逻辑主语是I)(toplay的逻辑主语是him)【注意二】同一句型中不同介词的不同含义Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth(for引出动作发出者)(of引出adj修饰的对象)Itiseasyforme
5、tofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.注意:常用在of句型中的adj有:kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,cruel,careless,stupid,naughty(淘气的),polite,im
6、polite,silly,wrong,brave,honest,noble,right,rude等=Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.=youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.(2)作宾语注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。Iwanttoknowthismatter.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.Ifind/feelitinterestin
7、gtoworkwithhim.Subject+find/think/feel/makeit+adj/n+todosth.MyteachermadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:like,demand,want,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,intend,prefer,promise,forget,decide,mean,pr
8、epare,pretend,continue,wish,start,afford,hate等(3)作宾语补足语Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.注意1:在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,1et,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时,就必