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1、TheInfinitive动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。肯定形式:to+do否定形式:notto+do1.作主语Tosayisonething.Todoisanother.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置。ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.1.作主语(1)Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth
2、.adj.表示事物的特征、特点或客观形式It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople.It’shardforhimtostudytwolanguages.(2)Itis+adj+(ofsb.)+todosth.adj.表示性格、品德或表示主观感情It’sveryniceofyoutohelpme.1.作主语(3)Itis+n.+todosth.It'sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.2.作宾语(1)want,decide,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。Weagreedto
3、startearly.Shewantstobeadoctor.(2)love,like,begin,start,hate,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。likedoing指经常性动作,liketodo指一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimnow.(3)Stop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。stop,forget,remember,goon,try后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。stoptodost
4、h.停止一件事,去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事。Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking;whenhecameout,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.思考:forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?(4)feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,补语是形容词,常用it作形式宾语,把不定式后移。Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.
5、Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep.Sheaskedmetostaythere.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.(1)动词+宾语+带to的不定式3.作宾语补足语常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:want,allow,ask,expect,tell,teach等.(2)动词+宾语+省略to的不定式在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see,watch,
6、notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have)“两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉”(feel)。Whomadehimworkallnightlong?Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.ShallIhavehimcomehere?Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.但是,
7、改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss.Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom.Hewasseentobreakthewindow.4.作表语不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容,放在连系动词be后面。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.5.作定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面,往往表示未发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocome
8、toschool.Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.如果动词不定式和前面所