新的贸易术语.pdf

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1、INCOTERMS2010Whatarethey?TheyareasetofstandardtermspublishedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerceandareusedextensivelyininternationaltrade.Theydescribe,amongstotherthings,wheretheriskinthecargopassesfromsellertobuyerandwhoisresponsibleforarrangingtheinsurance.Thetermsusuallyappearinshippin

2、gdocuments,especiallyonthecommercialinvoice.ArevisedsetofIncoterms,calledIncoterms2010,cameintoforceon1January2011.Whyaretheyrelevanttosurveyorsandclaimsadjusters?Theyarerelevanttomarineinsurancebecausethepointatwhichtheriskpassesfromsellertobuyercandeterminewhetherornottheclaimantundera

3、cargopolicyhadaninsurableinterestatthetimeoftheloss.Whatisinsurableinterest?Forthepurposesofcargoinsurance,insurableinterestiswhereanassuredhasadirectfinancialinterestinthecargocoveredbythepolicy,suchthathewillsuffersomefinancialdisadvantageorprejudiceifthegoodsbecomelostordamaged.Thisob

4、viouslyincludesthecargoowner,butcanincludeotherparties,suchastheshipowner,whocaninsureagainstaliabilityhemightincurifhefailstoproperlycareforthecargo.However,Incotermsregulatethecontractbetweencargosellerandcargobuyersothisdocumentconcentratesonwhatthenewtermsmeaninsofarasastandardcargop

5、olicyisconcerned.Tobeablerecoverunderacargoinsurancepolicy,theclaimantmusthaveaninsurableinterest.Theassured,orthepersontowhomtheclaimisultimatelypayable,doesnotneedtohaveaninsurableinterestwhentheinsuranceistakenout,buthedoesneedtohaveaninsurableinterestatthetimeofthelossandthatisclearl

6、ystatedinallInstituteCargoClauses.TheseprovisionshavetobereadinconjunctionwiththeTransitClauseintheInstituteCargoClauses(andsimilarprovisionsinnon-InstituteCargoClauses)thateffectivelycoverthecargofromtheseller’swarehousetothebuyer’swarehouse.Notwithstandingthewarehousetowarehouseprovisi

7、ons,ifalossoccursafterthegoodshavelefttheseller’swarehousebutbeforetheriskinthegoodshastransferredtothebuyerunderthetermsofthesale,thebuyerhasnoinsurableinterestinthegoodsatthetimeofthelossandcannotrecoverunderthepolicyandmustlooktothesellerforcompensation.Thisismosteasil