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1、THEMINERALINDUSTRYOFZAMBIA1ByLloydE.AntonidesMineralscontinuedtobethesourceofabout90%ofandcratons.Consequently,thegeologyiscomplex,butZambia'sforeignexchangeearnings,estimatedtobeconducivetoavarietyofvaluablemineralization.Morethanequivalenttomorethan$1billion,in1994.Coppertwo-thirdsofthecoun
2、tryisunderlainbyPrecambrianrocksaccountedformorethan75%anditsbyproductcobaltforhavingonlymoderatelythicksoilcover.Thehighlandinthemorethan10%.Gemstones,mostlyemeralds,alsorecordednortheastisPrecambrianbasementofgranitesurroundedbysignificantearnings,butprobablyanevenlargeramountsedimentaryand
3、metamorphicrockswithafewsmallbasicbypassedofficialchannels.Thelandlockedcountrywasintrusions.Thebasementhostssuchmineralsasgold,normallyamongtheworld's6largestproducersofcoppernickel,andasbestos.Proceedingsouthwesterlyandore,refinedprimarycopper,andrefinedcobalt,andreputedlysoutheasterly,theb
4、asementisoverlainunconformablybythesinglelargestinvolume(40%)ofemeralds.Mineralsuccessivelyyoungerformations.Inthenorth-centerofthecommoditiesproduction,coveringawidevarietyofmetallic,country,southwestofthebasementexposure,arethemajorindustrial,andfuelmineralsaswellascopper(seetable1),copper-
5、cobaltdepositsoccurringinlatePrecambrianwasestimatedtocontributebetween15%and20%togrosssedimentsoftheKatangagroup,mostlycarbonaceousmarinedomesticproduct(GDP),whichwasestimatedatmorethanshalesandgraywackes.Intheeast,youngerKaroo$7billion(purchasingpowerequivalent)—$800persedimentaryrockswitha
6、noccasionalbasalticfloware2capita—in1993.Theindustryemployedabout15%ofthecommonintheseveralriftvalleysaswellasinnormallycountry'swage-earningworkforceofapproximatelyerodedrivervalleys.Karooformationsalsounderlieathick400,000.ThemineralssectorwasalsothemajorsourceofcoverofmorerecentKalahariwin
7、dblownsandsintheGovernmentrevenue,eventhoughagricultureaccountedforwesternthirdofthecountry.TheKaroohostscoalandabout20%ofGDP,andmanufacturing,about25%.uranium.Resourcesofthosemineralsinproductiongenerallywereextensive,includingseparate,unexp
