资源描述：
《雅思阅读模拟.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、AcademicReadingsampletask–IdentifyinginformationATherearenowover700millionmotorvehiclesintheworld-andthenumberisrisingbymorethan40millioneachyear.Theaveragedistancedrivenbycarusersisgrowingtoo-from8kmadayperpersoninwesternEuropein1965to25kmadayin1995.Thisdependenceonmotorvehic
2、leshasgivenrisetomajorproblems,includingenvironmentalpollution,depletionofoilresources,trafficcongestionandsafety.BWhileemissionsfromnewcarsarefarlessharmfulthantheyusedtobe,citystreetsandmotorwaysarebecomingmorecrowdedthanever,oftenwitholdertrucks,busesandtaxiswhichemitexcess
3、ivelevelsofsmokeandfumes.Thisconcentrationofvehiclesmakesairqualityinurbanareasunpleasantandsometimesdangeroustobreathe.EvenMoscowhasjoinedthelistofcapitalsafflictedbycongestionandtrafficfumes.InMexicoCity,vehiclepollutionisamajorhealthhazard.CUntilahundredyearsago,mostjourney
4、swereinthe20kmrange,thedistanceconvenientlyaccessiblebyhorse.Heavyfreightcouldonlybecarriedbywaterorrail.Inventionofthemotorvehiclebroughtpersonalmobilitytothemassesandmaderapidfreightdeliverypossibleoveramuchwiderarea.IntheUnitedKingdom,about90percentofinlandfreightiscarriedb
5、yroad.Theworldcannotreverttothehorse-drawnwagon.Canitavoidbeinglockedintocongestedandpollutingwaysoftransportingpeopleandgoods?DInEuropemostcitiesarestilldesignedfortheoldmodesoftransport.Adaptationtothemotorcarhasinvolvedaddingringroads,one-waysystemsandparkinglots.IntheUnite
6、dStates,morelandisassignedtocarusethantohousing.Urbansprawlmeansthatlifewithoutacarisnexttoimpossible.Massuseofmotorvehicleshasalsokilledorinjuredmillionsofpeople.Othersocialeffectshavebeenblamedonthecarsuchasalienationandaggressivehumanbehaviour.EA1993studybytheEuropeanFedera
7、tionforTransportandEnvironmentfoundthatcartransportisseventimesascostlyasrailtravelintermsoftheexternalsocialcostsitentails-congestion,accidents,pollution,lossofcroplandandnaturalhabitats,depletionofoilresources,andsoon.YetcarseasilysurpasstrainsorAcademicReadingsampletask–Ide
8、ntifyinginformationbusesasaflexibleandconvenientmodeofpersona
