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1、Theresearchofdigitalimageprocessingtechnique1IntroductionInterestindigitalimageprocessingmethodsstemsfromtwoprincipalapplicationareas:improvementofpictorialinformationforhumaninterpretation;andprocessingofimagedataforstorage,transmission,andrepresentationforautonomousmachineperception.1.1Wh
2、atIsDigitalImageProcessing?Animagemaybedefinedasatwo-dimensionalfunction,f(x,y),wherexandyarespatial(plane)coordinates,andtheamplitudeoffatanypairofcoordinates(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgrayleveloftheimageatthatpoint.Whenx,y,anddigitalimage.Thefieldofdigitalimageprocessingreferstoprocessing
3、digitalimagesbymeansofadigitalcomputer.Notethatadigitalimageiscomposedofafinitenumberofelements,eachofwhichhasaparticularlocationandvalue.Theseelementsarereferredtoaspictureelements,imageelements,pels,andpixels.Pixelisthetermmostwidelyusedtodenotetheelementsofadigitalimage.Weconsiderthesede
4、finitionsinmoreformaltermsinChapter2.Visionisthemostadvancedofoursenses,soitisnotsurprisingthatimagesplaythesinglemostimportantroleinhumanperception.However,unlikehumanwhoarelimitedtothevisualbandoftheelectromagnetic(EM)spectrum,imagingmachinescoveralmosttheentireEMspectrum,rangingfromgamma
5、toradiowaves.Theycanoperateonimagesgeneratedbysourcesthathumanarenotaccustomedtoassociatingwithimage.Theseincludeultrasound,electronmicroscopy,andcomputer-generatedimages.Thus,digitalimageprocessingencompassesawideandvariedfieldofapplication.Thereisnogeneralagreementamongauthorsregardingwhe
6、reimageprocessingstopsandotherrelatedareas,suchasimageanalysisandcomputervision,start.Sometimesadistinctionismadebydefiningimageprocessingasadisciplineinwhichboththeinputandoutputofaprocessareimages.Webelievethistobealimitingandsomewhatartificialboundary.Forexample,underthisdefinition,event
7、hetrivialtaskofcomputingtheaverageintensityofanimage(whichyieldsasinglenumber)wouldnotbeconsideredanimageprocessingoperation.Ontheotherhand,therearefieldssuchascomputervisionwhoseultimategoalistousecomputertoemulatehumanvision,includinglearningandbeingab
