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1、Theresearchofdigitalimageprocessingtechnique1IntroductionInterestindigitalimageprocessingmethodsstemsfromtwoprincipalapplicationareas:improvementofpictorialinformationforhumaninterpretation;andprocessingofimagedataforstorage,transmission,andrepresentationforautonomousmachineperception.Thi
2、schapterhasseveralobjectives:(1)todefinethescopeofthefieldthatwecallimageprocessing;(2)togiveahistoricalperspectiveoftheoriginsofthisfield;(3)togiveanideaofthestateoftheartinimageprocessingbyexaminingsomeoftheprincipalareainwhichitisapplied;(4)todiscussbrieflytheprincipalapproachesusedind
3、igitalimageprocessing;(5)togiveanoverviewofthecomponentscontainedinatypical,general-purposeimageprocessingsystem;and(6)toprovidedirectiontothebooksandotherliteraturewhereimageprocessingworknormallyisreporter.1.1WhatIsDigitalImageProcessing?Animagemaybedefinedasatwo-dimensionalfunction,f(x
4、,y),wherexandyarespatial(plane)coordinates,andtheamplitudeoffatanypairofcoordinates(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgrayleveloftheimageatthatpoint.Whenx,y,anddigitalimage.Thefieldofdigitalimageprocessingreferstoprocessingdigitalimagesbymeansofadigitalcomputer.Notethatadigitalimageiscomposedofaf
5、initenumberofelements,eachofwhichhasaparticularlocationandvalue.Theseelementsarereferredtoaspictureelements,imageelements,pels,andpixels.Pixelisthetermmostwidelyusedtodenotetheelementsofadigitalimage.WeconsiderthesedefinitionsinmoreformaltermsinChapter2.Visionisthemostadvancedofoursenses,
6、soitisnotsurprisingthatimagesplaythesinglemostimportantroleinhumanperception.However,unlikehumanwhoarelimitedtothevisualbandoftheelectromagnetic(EM)spectrum,imagingmachinescoveralmosttheentireEMspectrum,rangingfromgammatoradiowaves.Theycanoperateonimagesgeneratedbysourcesthathumanarenotac
7、customedtoassociatingwithimage.Theseincludeultrasound,electronmicroscopy,andcomputer-generatedimages.Thus,digitalimageprocessingencompassesawideandvariedfieldofapplication.Thereisnogeneralagreementamongauthorsregardingwhereimageprocessingstopsandotherrelatedareas,su
