组织学与胚胎学绪论中英.ppt

《组织学与胚胎学绪论中英.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、HistologyIntroductionYuXiangmin(于向民）DepartmentofHistologyandEmbryologyDefinition:Ascience:studynormalmicro-structure(微细结构)&itsrelatedfunctionofhumanbody.4structurallevels:Cell:thesmalleststructural&functionalunit.Tissue(组织):groupsofcells(similarinmorphologyorr

2、elatedinfunction)＋intercellularmaterials4typesoffundamentaltissue　　epithelium上皮组织connectivetissue结缔组织musculartissue肌组织nervoustissue神经组织Organs:器官organizationsofvariouskindsoftissuesinparticularways&performaspecificfunction.System:系统formedbyseveralfunction-rela

3、tedorganswhichtogetherperformacontinuousphysiologicalfunction.Forexample:digestivesystemWhydowestudyhistology?Tocompletetheknowledgeofhumanbody’sstructures----fromgrosstomicroscopicBeabletounderstandhowthedifferenttissuesfunction----thebasisofphysiologyCanfind

4、thediseasesonlyafterthenormalisknown----thebasisofpathologyItisalsoafoundationofclinicsciences—foragooddoctorneededinfutureInvestigativemethodsofhistologyI.Lightmicroscopyl1.TissuepreparationA.paraffinsectionpreparation石蜡切片术Specimen取材:asfreshaspossibleFixation

5、固定:fixative:formalinsolution;purpose:topreservethestructuralorganizationDehydration脱水:replacethewaterinthetissuebyalcoholClearing透明:replacethealcoholbyxyleneEmbedding包埋:replacethexylenewithmeltedparaffinSectioning&mounting切片B.Frozensection:Betterforpreservingc

6、hemicalcomponents(e.g.enzymes)Freezing→cryostat→stainingC.theothers:Smearpreparations:forbloodetc;Grindpreparations:forbone2.Staining染色Purpose:Tomaketissuesectionforobservation.H-EStaining:Hematoxylin:苏木精basicdye,bluishcolorEosin:伊红aciddye,pinkcolorBasophilic:

7、嗜碱性componentsstainedwithbasicdye(H);bluish（nuclearchromatin)Acidophilic:嗜酸性componentswithanaffinityforacidicdye(E);pink(cytoplasm&collagenfiber)Neutrophilic:中性donotstainwithbothbasicandaciddyesArgyrophilia:嗜银性thosewithanaffinityforsilver,dark-browncolorFluores

8、centstainingshowstheapoptosisinhumanHL-60cellsSilverstainingoftheneuronandthebilecanaliculiTransmissionElectronMicroscope(TEM)透射电镜Usingabeamofelectrons(shortwave-lengths)insteadofv