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时间:2020-03-25
《汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、JournalofEngineeringGeology工程地质学报1004—9665/2009/17(1)-0029—10汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析殷跃平(中国地质调查局北京100037)摘要汶川地震诱发的15000多处滑坡明显受地震断裂控制,主要沿龙门山主中央断裂带和后山断裂带展布,沿龙门山主中央断裂带汶川映秀一安县高川—北川陈家坝—平武南坝一线,滑坡面密度大于50%以上,最大可达70%。沿断裂带形成了大量的松动山体,在暴雨期间极易发生滑坡、泥石流灾害,对灾后重建构成严重威胁。据初步调查,汶川地震触发的体积最大的滑坡是位
2、于主中央断裂带上的安县高川大光包滑坡,滑动距离长4500m,滑坡堆积体长2800m,宽1700~2200m,最大厚度达580m,若以平均厚度200m计,体积达11亿ITI,为我国已发生的单体滑坡之最。与常见滑坡明显不同的是,汶川地震极震区滑坡的滑床往往不具连续完整的滑面,剪出口滑坡特征不明显,呈现明显的“尖点突起”或“边缘突出”特征,反映出上部滑体被地震力振动解体,甚至抛掷后与下部滑床边缘发生撞击。以阶型滑坡、凸型滑坡、勺型崩滑、座落型(振胀型)滑坡和巨大滚石5种类型最为典型。根据强震地面运动纪录和大量实例调查表明,在汶
3、川地震极震区,触发滑坡的地震竖向力作用是非常明显的,大量滑坡经历了初始斜坡(风化碎裂岩体)——地震抛掷——撞击崩裂——高速滑流的作用过程。关键词汶川地震滑坡地震加速度大光包滑坡中图分类号:P642.2文献标识码:AFEATURESOFLANDSLIDESTRIGGEREDBYTHEWENCHUANEARTH.QUAKEYINYueping(ChinaGeologicalSurvey,Beijing100037)AbstractOver15,000landslidesweretriggeredbytheWenchuanEa
4、rthquakealongtheMainseismicfaultandbackfaultoftheLongmenMt.tectonicbeh.Theareadensityoflandslidecoverage,i.e.,theratioofthelandslidedistributionandtotalarea,isgreaterthan50%inaverageand70%inmaximumaIongtheYingxiu~Gaochuan—Chenjiaba—Nanbaofthemainseismicfault.Thee
5、normousloosenrockmasseseasyforoccurringlandslidesanddebrisflowswillseriouslythreatthereconstructionandliving,especially,duringrainingseasons.ThelargestlandslidetriggeredbytheWenchuanEarthquakeislocatedattheDaguangbao,AnxianCounty,ofthemainseismicfault.Thevolumeof
6、theDaguangbalandslideis1.1billionm,and4,500mlongfromscarptotoe,2,800mlong,1,700to2,200mwideand200minaveragethickness,and580minmaxthicknessforaccumula.tion.ItisalsothemaximumvolumeofsinglelandslideinChina.Muchdifferenceswithotherconventionallandslides,theslidingsu
7、rfacesarecommonincompleteanddiscontinued,andtheexitswereunclearintheepicenterareaoftheWenchuanEarthquake,whichillustratestheupperrockmasswasstronglyvibratedandseparated,thenthrownandcrushedwiththebedrock.Thefivepatternsofthelandslidesareclassifiedasstaircase—shap
8、ed,convex—shaped,bowel—shaped,slump(vibrated—expansive)一shapedand收稿日期:2008—12—3O.作者简介:殷跃平,主要从事地质灾害研究与防治.Email:yyueping@mail.cgs.gov.cnJournalofEngineeringGeolo
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