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时间:2020-03-25
《汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、工程地质学报1004—9665/2009/17(2)-0153—14汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析殷跃平(中国地质调查局北京100037)摘要汶川地震触发的高速远程滑坡主要沿龙门山主中央断裂带汶JlI映秀一安县高川一北川县城—平武南坝一青川一线地震破裂带展布。由于获得了1.5g以上的抛掷加速度,具有明显的气垫效应,估计最大滑动速度一般大于70m-s~,滑动距离一般为滑体启动时长度的数倍甚至10多倍,堆积成坝形成多处堰塞湖,最大滑行距离达3.2kin。本文重点解剖了位于地震破裂带南西段(初始震中)的汶川
2、映秀牛圈沟滑坡一碎屑流、位于地震破裂带中段的:ll~Jll城西滑坡和位于地震破裂带北东段青川东河口滑坡一碎屑流3个典型实例,认为具有如下特征:(1)岩性条件:母岩遭受长期构造动力作用,呈碎裂岩体,后期被强烈风化,岩体极为破碎;(2)抛掷效应:位于汶川地震主断裂带或附近,垂直加速度大于水平加速度,强地面运动持时长,岩体发生振胀和抛掷;(3)碰撞效应:上部滑坡体发生高位剪出和高位撞击,致使岩体碎屑化;(4)铲刮效应:撞击作用导致下部山体被铲刮,形成次级滑坡,为碎屑流体提供了足够展翼和抛洒物源体积;(5)气垫
3、效应:碎屑化岩体快速抛掷导致下部沟谷空气迅速谷状圈闭和向下紊流,形成气垫效应,或者,在下部地形开阔地带压缩空气呈层流状态致使滑体凌空飞行。关键词汶川地震滑坡高速滑动远程滑动中图分类号:P642.2文献标识码:ARAPⅢANDLoNGRUN—oUTFEATURESoFLANDSLIDESTRIGGEREDBYTHEWENCHUANEARTHQUAKEYINYueping(ChinaGeologicalSurvey.Belting100037)AbstractTheextremelyrapidandlong
4、run—-outlandslidestriggeredbytheWenchuanEarthquakewereoccurredalongtheYingxiu—Gaoehuan—Beichuan—Nard~a—Qingchuanofthemainseismicfault.Theestimatedmaximumslidingvelocityisgreaterthan。70m·S—undertheover1.5gearthquakeacceleration,comparedwithconventionalrai
5、nfallorliquefactioninducedlandslides.Therun—outdistanceoflandslide—debrisisseveralorseveraltentimesoftherockmasslengthfromcrowntoexitduetotheairlayerlubricationinwherelotsoflandslidedamsoc-curred.Themaximumrun—outdistanceis3200m.Thethreecasesarestudiedfr
6、omtheNiuquangourockslide—debrisflowatthesouthwestsegmentofthemainseismicfault(Yingxiu-Wenchuan),theChengxirockslideatthemiddlesegmentofthemainseismicfault(Beichuan)andtheDonghekourockslide—debrisflowatthenortheastsegmentofthemainseismicfault.Thethreecase
7、sillustratesfollowingcommoncharacteristics:(1)parentmckmassisbrokenunderlonggeologicprocessingandweathered;(2)RockmassWasseparatelyexpandedandthrownunderlong—-periodstronggroundvibrationinwhichtheverticalmotionwaspredominantalongthemainseismicfault;(3)sl
8、idingmasswascrashedattheexitingzoneandtransferredtofragmentmaterial;(4)Thesecondarylandslidewastriggeredunderneaththeexitingzoneduetothepowerfulcrashingandshavingprocessesthatprovidesmore收稿日期:2009—02—20.作者简介:殷跃平,主要从事地质灾害研究
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