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1、2015,34(4):769-775农业环境科学学报2015年4月JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScience松花江流域营养盐的空间分布及污染等级评价*焦珂伟,李凤祥,周启星(南开大学环境科学与工程学院,环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室/天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室,天津300071)摘要:应用综合污染指数法,结合2013—2014年对松花江流域进行水生态野外全面调查的结果,将流域内历时2年所调查的122个采样点的营养盐分为5个等级进行评价,分析流域内营养盐的
2、污染状况及空间分布。结果表明:松花江流域营养盐评价等级(极好、好、一般、差和极差)的比例分别为10.66%、15.57%、20.49%、28.69%和24.59%,支流的评价结果明显好于干流;各子流域的营养盐污染程度排序为松花江干流﹥第二松花江﹥牡丹江﹥嫩江。研究区内土地利用类型与营养盐评价结果关系密切,尤其是农业非点源污染对流域含氮营养盐的影响较为显著。关键词:松花江流域;营养盐;空间分布;土地利用中图分类号:X522文献标志码:A文章编号:1672-2043(2015)04-0769-07d
3、oi:10.11654/jaes.2015.04.023SpatialDistributionandPollutionLevelEvaluationofNutrientsintheSonghuaRiverBasinJIAOKe-wei,LIFeng-xiang,ZHOUQi-xing*(MOEKeyLaboratoryofPollutionProcessesandEnvironmentalCriteria/TianjinKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalRemediatio
4、nandPollutionControl,CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,NankaiUniversity,Tianjin300071,China)Abstract:Inthisresearch,122sampleswereobtainedfromtheSonghuaRiverBasintoinvestigatespatialdistributionandpollutionofnutri-entsinriverwaterusingtheco
5、mprehensivepollutionindexmethodincombinationwiththeresultsofthe2-yearfieldsurveyofaquatice-cosystemsfrom2013to2014.Theresultsshowedthatthepercentagesoftheexcellent,good,moderate,poorandterriblegradesofnutrientassessmentwererespectively10.66%,15.57%,2
6、0.49%,28.69%and24.59%.ThelowestscoresofnutrientassessmentwerefoundintheNenjiangRiver,theMudanRiver,theSongnenPlain,theSanjiangPlainandtheSecondSonghuaRiverBasin.Nutrientpollutionwaslessinthetributariesthaninthemainstreams.Thepollutionofthenutrientsin
7、riverwaterwasinorderofthemainstreamoftheSonghuaRiver﹥theSecondSonghuaRiver﹥theMudanRiver﹥theNenRiver.Thethreenutrientindicators(TN,TPandNH3-H)weresignificantlydifferent.Theassessmentmethodbasedongradesdividedbythesamestandardswasfeasible.Landusehadpr
8、ofoundimpactsonnutrientpollutioninriverwater,especiallythenon-pointsourcepollutionofagriculturethataffectednitrogenouspollutionmoresignificantly.Keywords:theSonghuaRiverBasin;nutrient;spatialdistribution;landuse水体富营养化是人类当前面临的一个重要生态营养盐污染及防治措施具有重要的现实意义