单片机防酒后驾驶控制系统相关英文及翻译.doc

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1、..英文原文DataConvertersThecurrentupsurgeintheuseofdigitalprocessingtechniques,broughtaboutbydevelopmentsinverylargescaleintegration,hasforcedtheroleoftheinterfaceelementsbetweenanaloganddigitalsystemstotheforefrontofattention.Dataconvertersaretheseinterfaceelements.Althoughtheywereoncerega

2、rdedbyelectronicsengineersasexpensive,ratherspecializedpiecesofequipment,theyarenowcommonplace.Theyareavailableasself-containedfunctionalunits,inbothmodularandlowcostintegratedcircuitfrom.Noonewithaninterestinmodernelectronicinstrumentationtechniquescanaffordtubewithoutasoundknowledgean

3、dunderstandingoftheoperation,capabilitiesandlimitationsofthesedevices.USEFULNESSOFCONVERTERSInmanyoftherealworldsystemsstudiedbyscientistsandengineersthesystemparametersarecontinuouslychangingquantities(analogvariables)andwhenelectronicmeasurementtechniquesareuseddataisderivedinanalogfo

4、rmastheelectricaloutputsignalofatransducer.Itisperfectlypossibletoprocess,manipulateandstoreanalogdatausingapurelyanalogelectronicsystem:negativefeedbacktechniquescanmakeanalogsystemsperformveryprecisely.[1]However,theaccuracyofapurelyanalogsystemisoftennotusablebecauseofthedifficultyof

5、rending,recordingandinterpretinganalogdatawithhighaccuracy.Also,whenlargeamountsofanalogdataareinvolvedthetaskofanalysisandstorageassumesmammothproportions.Digitalelectronicsystemscanbemadetoprocessrapidlyandaccurately,tomanipulateandtostorelargeamountsofdata.Theadventoflowcostdigitalmi

6、croprocessorsystemshasdrasticallyreducedthecostofimplementingdigitaldataprocessing.Microprocessorsmakeitpossibletoextendtheuseofelectronicdigitaltechniquesintoareaswheretheywereformerlynotconsideredpracticablebecauseofeconomicconsiderations.However,mdigitalcircuitsonlyoperateondigitalda

7、ta–thescientistwhowishestoavailhimselfofthepowerofdigitaltechniquesmustfirsttransformhisanalogdataintodigitalform.Asystemcalledananalogtodigitalconverter,ADC,isusedtoperformthisfunctionandasystemcalledadigitaltoanalogconverter,DAC,performstheoppositetypeofconversion,transformin