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1、.英文原文DataConvertersThecurrentupsurgeintheuseofdigitalprocessingtechniques,broughtaboutbydevelopmentsinverylargescaleintegration,hasforcedtheroleoftheinterfaceelementsbetweenanaloganddigitalsystemstotheforefrontofattention.Dataconvertersaretheseinterfaceelements.Althou
2、ghtheywereonceregardedbyelectronicsengineersasexpensive,ratherspecializedpiecesofequipment,theyarenowcommonplace.Theyareavailableasself-containedfunctionalunits,inbothmodularandlowcostintegratedcircuitfrom.Noonewithaninterestinmodernelectronicinstrumentationtechniques
3、canaffordtubewithoutasoundknowledgeandunderstandingoftheoperation,capabilitiesandlimitationsofthesedevices.USEFULNESSOFCONVERTERSInmanyoftherealworldsystemsstudiedbyscientistsandengineersthesystemparametersarecontinuouslychangingquantities(analogvariables)andwhenelect
4、ronicmeasurementtechniquesareuseddataisderivedinanalogformastheelectricaloutputsignalofatransducer.Itisperfectlypossibletoprocess,manipulateandstoreanalogdatausingapurelyanalogelectronicsystem:negativefeedbacktechniquescanmakeanalogsystemsperformveryprecisely.[1]Howev
5、er,theaccuracyofapurelyanalogsystemisoftennotusablebecauseofthedifficultyofrending,recordingandinterpretinganalogdatawithhighaccuracy.Also,whenlargeamountsofanalogdataareinvolvedthetaskofanalysisandstorageassumesmammothproportions.Digitalelectronicsystemscanbemadetopr
6、ocessrapidlyandaccurately,tomanipulateandtostorelargeamountsofdata.Theadventoflowcostdigitalmicroprocessorsystemshasdrasticallyreducedthecostofimplementingdigitaldataprocessing.Microprocessorsmakeitpossibletoextendtheuseofelectronicdigitaltechniquesintoareaswheretheyw
7、ereformerlynotconsideredpracticablebecauseofeconomicconsiderations.However,mdigitalcircuitsonlyoperateondigitaldata–thescientistwhowishestoavailhimselfofthepowerofdigitaltechniquesmustfirsttransformhisanalogdataintodigitalform.Asystemcalledananalogtodigitalconverter,A
8、DC,isusedtoperformthisfunctionandasystemcalledadigitaltoanalogconverter,DAC,performstheoppositetypeofconversion,transforming
