合作语言教学法.ppt

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1、CooperativeLanguageLearningContentsDefinitionofCLLTheoreticalbackgroundofCLLDesignConclusionsCooperativeLanguageLearning(CLL)ispartofamoregeneralinstructionalapproachalsoknownasCollaborativeLearning(CL)Cooperativelearningisgrouplearningactivityorganizedsothatl

2、earningisdependentonthesociallystructuredexchangeofinformationbetweenlearnersingroupsandinwhicheachlearnerisheldaccountableforhisorherownlearningandismotivatedtoincreasethelearningofothers.(OlsenandKagan1992:8)DefinitionCommunicativeapproachIntheESLclassroom,CL

3、LisseenasanextensionofCommunicationLanguageTeachingthattendstobemorelearner-centered.TheoreticalBackgroundConstructivismJohnDewey(1913)isusuallyconsideredtohavefoundedthetheoryofconstructivism;hedisapprovedofapproachesthatsawstudentssimplyasrecipientsoftheteach

4、er’sknowledgebutfavoredmethodsthatallowedstudentsto“constructtheirownknowledgethroughexperienceandproblemsolving”(Larsen-Freeman&Anderson2011,p.151).TypesoflearningandteachingactivitiesFormalcooperativelearninggroups:Theselastfromoneclassperiodtoseveralweeks.Th

5、eseareestablishedforaspecifictaskandinvolvestudentsworkingtogethertoachievesharedlearninggoals.Informalcooperativelearninggroups:Thesearead-hocgroupsthatlastfromafewminutestoaclassperiodandareusedtofocusstudentattentionortofacilitatelearningduringdirectteaching

6、.Cooperativebasegroups:Thesearelongterm,lastingforatleastayearandconsistofheterogeneouslearninggroupswithstablemembershipwhoseprimarypurposeistoallowmemberstogiveeachotherthesupport,help,encouragement,andassistancetheyneedtosucceedacademically.OlsenandKagan(19

7、92)proposethefollowingkeyelementsofsuccessfulgroup-basedlearninginCL:PositiveinterdependenceGroupformationIndividualaccountabilitySocialskillsStructuringandstructuresCoelho(1992b:132)describesthreemajorkindsofcooperativelearningtasksandtheirlearningfocus,eachof

8、whichhasmanyvariations.1.Teampracticefromcommoninput–skillsdevelopmentandmasteryoffacts2.Jigsaw:differentiatedbutpredeterminedinput–evaluationandsynthesisoffactsandopinions.