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时间:2020-04-01
《陈启元版物理化学第1章习题解答.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、恒容加热至压强为151987.5Pa;恒压膨胀至原体积的2倍;恒温可逆膨胀至原体积的2倍;绝热可逆膨胀至原体积的2倍。2.设有0.1kgN2,温度为273.15K,压强为101325Pa,分别进行下列过程,求、、及。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.解:将N2气视为双原子理想气体,则(1)W=0,等容有:末态温度Evaluationonly.Crea
2、tedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.(2)恒压有:末态温度T2=2T1=2×273.15KEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.(3)理想气体可逆恒温,(4)运用理想气体绝热过程方程:Evaluationonly.Created
3、withAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.4.在298.15K、101325Pa下,1molH2与0.5molO2生成1molH2O(l),放热285.90kJ。设H2及O2在此条件下均为理想气体,求△U。若此反应在相同的始、末态的条件下改在原电池中进行,做电功为187.82kJ,求△U、Q及W。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5Clie
4、ntProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.4.解:(1)H2(g)+1/2O2(g)=H2O(l)(恒温恒压)设H2O(l)的体积可忽略,则:∴(2)U为状态函数,在相同的始、末状态下,∆U相同,∴总功=电功+体积功=-187.82+3.7182=-184.102(kJ)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePty
5、Ltd.5.在绝热密闭容器内装水1kg。开动搅拌器使容器中的水由298K升温至303K。已知液体水的≈=75.31J·mol-1·K-1,求Q、W、△U及△H,结果说明什么?Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.5.解:因为绝热,所以;又因为恒容并且为常数,故结果说明:由于非体积功不等于零,即使过程恒容,。Evaluationonly.Createdw
6、ithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.6.5mol双原子理想气体,从101325Pa、410.3L的始态出发,经pT=常数的可逆过程(即体系在变化过程中pT=常数)压缩至末态压强为202650Pa。求(1)末态的温度;(2)此过程的△U、△H、W、Q。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyr
7、ight2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.6.解:(1)初始温度:末态温度:(2)虽然不是等容和等压过程,但是理想气体,故:Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.故:∵PT=K,则可逆∴Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2
8、004-2011AsposePtyLtd.10.求298.15K、下的。已知373.15K、下,水的蒸发热为,在此温度范围内水和水蒸气的平均恒压热容分别为75.31J·mol-1·K-1及33.18J·mol-1·K-1。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0
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