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1、UnitSixIsItintheGenes?ByArthurAllenQuestions1.Doyouagreethathumanbehaviorispredeterminedbygenes?Whyorwhynot?2.Whatcanaffectaparticulargene’spotentialaccordingtothearticle?3.Whatarefraternalandidenticaltwinsrespectively?Whataretheirsimilaritiesanddifferences?TextIn1993,aNationalCancerInstituteres
2、earchernamedDeanHamermadewhatseemedtobeanastonishingdiscoveryaboutthegeneticsofhumanbehavior.HehadlocatedalinktomalehomosexualityontheXchromosome,HamerreportedinScience.Thestorywassplashedacrossfrontpagesaroundthecountry.Atlast,overlydotingmothersandearlycross-dressinggameswereoffthehookandthepr
3、edilectionsofeveryonefromWaltWhitmantoLiberacecouldbeexplainedbyafewerrantproteins.Hamer’sarticle,basedonanexaminationoftheDNAof40gaybrothers,ledtomass-marketbookdealsandminorcelebrity.Thereisonlyonesmall,underreportedglitch:Hamer’sresultshaveneverbeenreplicated.Twosubsequentstudiesshowedmuchwea
4、kerevidenceofagaygene;athird,publishedonApril23butovershadowedbythemassacreatLittletonthedaybefore,foundnoevidenceatall.“Thereisnohintortrendinthedirectionoftheinitialobservation,”GeorgeEbers,aCanadianinvestigatorinvolvedinthestudy,saidinScience.mass-marketn.,adj,销售量大（的），畅销（的）vt,大量销售．～ern.Aquick
5、trawlthroughtheheadlinesofthe1990sfindsasimilarfateforotherfront-pagegeneticbreakthroughs.Despitemuch-publicizeddiscoveriesofgenesforschizophrenia,manic-depression,alcoholismandbipolardisorder,theprecisegeneticcomponentoftheseillnessescontinuetoeludescience.Thesamegoesforpersonalitytraits.Themuc
6、h-trumpeteddiscoveryofa“novelty-seekinggene”in1996hasn’tbeenreplicated—norhavevarious“depressiongenes”.Thisisnottosaythatprogressisn’tbeingmadeinparsingthebiologicalcomponentsofbehavior.Butinanygivenperson,theinterplayofgenesandtheenvironmentisahorrendouslycomplexstory.Individualgenesproducequit
7、esubtleeffects,andthemorewelearnaboutDNA,thecleareritisthatanyparticulargene’spotentialcanbeshutdownorenhancedbycomplexbiochemicalpathwayscontingentuponthingslikesleep,nutritionandstress.Bipolar:adj.[电］双极的；两极地区的．Bipolardisor
