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1、UnitSixIsItintheGenes?ByArthurAllenQuestions1.Doyouagreethathumanbehaviorispredeterminedbygenes?Whyorwhynot?2.Whatcanaffectaparticulargene’spotentialaccordingtothearticle?3.Whatarefraternalandidenticaltwinsrespectively?Whataretheirsimilaritiesanddifferences?TextIn
2、1993,aNationalCancerInstituteresearchernamedDeanHamermadewhatseemedtobeanastonishingdiscoveryaboutthegeneticsofhumanbehavior.HehadlocatedalinktomalehomosexualityontheXchromosome,HamerreportedinScience.Thestorywassplashedacrossfrontpagesaroundthecountry.Atlast,over
3、lydotingmothersandearlycross-dressinggameswereoffthehookandthepredilectionsofeveryonefromWaltWhitmantoLiberacecouldbeexplainedbyafewerrantproteins.Hamer’sarticle,basedonanexaminationoftheDNAof40gaybrothers,ledtomass-marketbookdealsandminorcelebrity.Thereisonlyones
4、mall,underreportedglitch:Hamer’sresultshaveneverbeenreplicated.Twosubsequentstudiesshowedmuchweakerevidenceofagaygene;athird,publishedonApril23butovershadowedbythemassacreatLittletonthedaybefore,foundnoevidenceatall.“Thereisnohintortrendinthedirectionoftheinitialo
5、bservation,”GeorgeEbers,aCanadianinvestigatorinvolvedinthestudy,saidinScience.mass-marketn.,adj,销售量大（的），畅销（的）vt,大量销售．～ern.Aquicktrawlthroughtheheadlinesofthe1990sfindsasimilarfateforotherfront-pagegeneticbreakthroughs.Despitemuch-publicizeddiscoveriesofgenesforsch
6、izophrenia,manic-depression,alcoholismandbipolardisorder,theprecisegeneticcomponentoftheseillnessescontinuetoeludescience.Thesamegoesforpersonalitytraits.Themuch-trumpeteddiscoveryofa“novelty-seekinggene”in1996hasn’tbeenreplicated—norhavevarious“depressiongenes”.T
7、hisisnottosaythatprogressisn’tbeingmadeinparsingthebiologicalcomponentsofbehavior.Butinanygivenperson,theinterplayofgenesandtheenvironmentisahorrendouslycomplexstory.Individualgenesproducequitesubtleeffects,andthemorewelearnaboutDNA,thecleareritisthatanyparticular
8、gene’spotentialcanbeshutdownorenhancedbycomplexbiochemicalpathwayscontingentuponthingslikesleep,nutritionandstress.Bipolar:adj.[电］双极的；两极地区的．Bipolardisor
