英语国家概况3-4.ppt

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1、Lecture3EnglandLearningfocusAbriefintroductiontoEnglandTheBeginningofBritainTheearlysettlersRomanConquestAnglo-SaxonConquestVikingRaidsNormanConquestEnglishRevolutionCivilWarTheRepublicanexperimentofCromwellRestorationGloriousRevolutionEnglandCharacteristicso

2、fEnglandHighlyurbanizedPhysicallylargestwithlargestpopulationDominancein:size/culture/economy----takeEnglandforUKMountainsandRiversinEnglandPennines(奔宁山脉）:thebackbone（背脊骨）ofEnglandLakedistrict（湖区）LakeDistrictTheBeginningofEnglandTheEarlySettlers(…—55BC)RomanC

3、onquest(55BC—410AD)Anglo-SaxonConquest(410-871)VikingRaids(871-1042)NormanConquest(1066)TheEarlysettlers(…-55BC)8,000yearsagoBritainbecameanislandNativesofBritain:Celts/BritonsCelts/Britons:apeopledominatedmuchofwesternEuropeandcentralEuropeSettledinBritishIs

4、lesabout700BCCelticcivilizationStonehenge(巨石柱）About5,000yearsagoThemostfamouspre-historicmonumentandtouristattractionRomanConquest(55BC—410AD)InvasionTimeInvaders155BC—54BCRomanEmperor:JuliusCaesar243ADRomanEmperor:ClaudiusRomancivilizationThemonth“July”wasin

5、ventedbyJuliusCaesarhimselfTheDiaryJuliusCaesarwroteinEnglandmarkedthebeginningofthewrittenhistoryofEnglandAchievementinarchitecture:“AllroadsleadtoRome”----builttemples,towns,theatres,findbuildingandroads.Achievementinagriculture-----drainedthemarshes,cleara

6、waytheforests,andtaughtCeltstocultivatetheirlandAchievementinpolitics----introducedasystemoforganizedgovernmentHadrian’sWall(哈德良长城）Anglo-SaxonConquest(410-871)Angles,SaxonsandJutes(Germanicpeoples)invadedWarringperiodAngles:EastAnglia,Mecia,andNorthumbiaSaxon

7、s:Essex,SussexandWessexJutes:KentThename“England”wasgivenbyAngles.(Angles’land).Anglo-Saxons:theforefatheroftheEnglishAnglo-SaxonConquestmarkedthebeginningoftheOldEnglishKingArthurHeunitedtheBritishHisfamous“roundtable”knights–amoredemocraticsystemHedrovetheS

8、axonsbackwithhismagicalswordAherooftheBritishAgainstforefatheroftheEnglishVikingRaids/DanishInvasion(871-1042)FromScandinavia/DanmarkFrom1017-1041----EnglandwasruledbyDanishkings.Acultura