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1、Unit3Lifeinthefuture GrammarPastparticiple(3) usedasAdverbial&Attribute过去分词过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行,主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。attention过去分词表完成、被动,作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,
2、且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间,原因,让步,结果,方式,条件等。观察下列的句子:Oncepublished,hisworks(=Oncehisworkswaspublished,)becamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。过去分词作时间状语1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Whenh
3、eated,icewillbechangedintowater.2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.Seenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.过去分词作原因状语1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.Gi
4、venadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.过去分词作条件或者假设状语Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.Givenmoreattention,th
5、ecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.2.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.作方式或伴随情况状语Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,andhewasfollowedbyhisdog.2.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbyt
6、hewindow,andshewaslostinthought.lost表示一种迷失心理状态1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Summary过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作,因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－被动,例如:Rewritewithproperconjunctions1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail
7、.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfail.Example:2.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertad
8、vice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.4.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamo
