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1、TheRepresentativesOfWesternEconomicsFatherOfEconomics ---AdamSmithAdamSmith(16June1723–17July1790)wasaScottishmoralphilosopherandapioneerofpoliticaleconomy.OneofthekeyfiguresoftheScottishEnlightenment,SmithistheauthorofTheTheoryofMoralSentimentsandAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNa
2、tions.Thelatter,usuallyabbreviatedasTheWealthofNations,isconsideredhismagnumopusandthefirstmodernworkofeconomics.Mainarticle:TheWealthofNationsTheWealthofNationsexpoundsthatthefreemarket,whileappearingchaoticandunrestrained,isactuallyguidedtoproducetherightamountandvarietyofgoodsbyasocalled"in
3、visiblehand".Smithadvancedtheideathatamarketeconomywouldproduceasatisfactoryoutcomeforbothbuyersandsellers,andwouldoptimallyallocatesociety'sresources.Nevertheless,hewaswaryofbusinessmenandarguedagainsttheformationofmonopolies.Fatherofmacroeconomics---JohnMaynardKeynesJohnMaynardKeyneswasborno
4、nJune5,1883inCambridge,England.Hewasthemostinfluentialeconomistofthetwentiethcentury.HiseconomictheoriesprovidedthebasisofthemodernwelfarestatesofNorthAmericaandWesternEurope.ForaquarterofacenturyafterWorldWarII,Keynesianeconomictheories,andthepoliciesthatfollowedfromthem,dominatedtheeconomicl
5、ifeofindustrialcountries.TheCoherenceofHisWorkTheachievementsofKeynes'slifeandthoughtaremostevidentinhisthreemajorworks:TheEconomicConsequencesofthePeace,TheTreatiseonProbability,andTheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,InterestandMoney.InTheGeneralTheoryKeynesdemolishesthebeliefthatunfetteredmarketswi
6、llprovideenoughjobsandadequatenationalincomestoguaranteethefutureofcapitalism.TheforceofeachworkrestsonKeynes'srejectionofthebeliefthatethicallyacceptableoutcomeswillresultfromtheoperationoflong-run"statistically"predictablesocialbehavior.FatherofModernEconomics ---PaulAnthonySamuelsonSamuelso
7、nwasborninGary,Indiana,onMay15,1915.HeisthefirstAmericantowintheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciences.Samuelsonisconsideredtobeoneofthefoundersofneo-Keynesianeconomicsandaseminalfigureinthedevelopmentofneoclassicaleconomics.TheNewYorkTim
