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1、TheInfinitive不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式,主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心,有时它把句型改,作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开;疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当;逻辑主语不定式,不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定,各种用法区别开。TheInfinitivesubjectobjectpredictiveattributeadverbialcomplementTodothatsortofthingisfoolish.Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.Iw
2、anttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishitquicklyWefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.一、不定式结构作主语Toseeonetimeisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.Top
3、erseveremeansvictory!注①:在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,常采用先行it代替主语,而把不定式后置:It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.注②:这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子,如:Ittookusfivehourstogetthere.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.注③:不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出,也可以由“for+名词词组”来表示,如:Itisnothardfo
4、ronetodoabitofgood.Itwasdifficultformetodothework.注④:某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前加上“of+名词词组”来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,如:It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderate.It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Itwascarelessofhertomakesuchamistake.二、不定式结构作表语1.主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件,一是结果),如:
5、Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.2.主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组,或以what引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.Mysuggestionistost
6、artworkatonce.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.注:在某些句型中,当主语部分有动作动词do时,作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”,如:Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.三、不定式结构作动词宾语1.“动词+带to的不定式结构”。这类动词常见的有:afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expec
7、t,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等,例如:I’vearrangedtomeethimatteno’clock.Ididn’texpecttofindyouhere.2.“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式结构”。(这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句)。这类动词常见的有:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,lear