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1、Chapter11.Whatisthescopeoflexicology?Howislexicologyrelatedtolexicographyandetymology?2.Whatarediachronicapproach历时性研究andsynchronicapproach共识性研究inlexicologicalstudy?lexicology,abranchoflinguistics,dealswiththenature,history,use,andmeaningofwordsandtherelationshipsbetweenelementsofwo
2、rds.Lexicologymainlycoverstheorigin,development,structure,meaning,andapplicationofwords.Linguistsusuallydefineawordasthesmallestunitofalanguage1.Lexicologyincludesphonetics语音学phonology音韵学semantics语义学etymology词源学lexicography词典学morphology形态学Etymology,whichcanberegardedasasubfieldoflex
3、icology,mainlyfocusesonthestudyoftheoriginandhistoryofwords.Lexicography,anotherrelatedbranchtolexicology,ismainlyconcernedwithinclusionofwordsandthescienceofcompilingdictionaries.Lexicographyisabouttheapplicationoflexicology--thescienceofdictionaries.Translation;coalaboundsinthispr
4、ovince.Crystalwaterwellsoutofthespring.2.Twomajorapproachesareemployedinlexicologicalstudies;diachronicapproachandsynchronicapproach.Theyarealsotwoprincipalapproachestothestudyoflanguage.alllanguagesexistinastateofconstantchangeanddevelopment.Inlanguagestudies,linguistsmayinvestigat
5、ethehistoryandstagesoflanguagechange(diachronic)inacourseoftime.Itishistoricallexicology.Atthesametime,theycanstudythelanguageuse,featuresandvariationwithinacertainstageofitsdevelopment(synchronic).Thenitisdescriptivelexicology.2.Chapter21,whatarethemajorforeigninfluencesuponthedeve
6、lopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary?Arethereanyothersourcesofinfluencethatarenotdiscussedinthischapter?Couldyoufindsomeandaddwithexamples?2,whatfactorsdoyouthinkmightinfluencethedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage?Inyouropinion,whatwillbeEnglishlanguagebelikein50years?TheEnglishvocabularyspra
7、ngfromthreemajorrootsources;Germanic,Latin,andGreek.Germanictribes;anglo-Saxons,formAD450to1150;oldEnglishperiod,theycontributedabout50.000verybasicwordsintoday’sEnglish.Latin;RomanOccupation,55BC-AD410.ThestatusofEnglandwasre-enhancedastheLatin-speakingmissionariesbroughtChristiani
8、tytoEngland.Greek;R
