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1、阅读理解(猜词训练)根据上下文正确猜出生词词义:1.根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义1)根据定义或解释说明猜测词义在be或becalled等判断词出现的判断句中,生词是被解释说明的表语,或是用来下定义的主语。①Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.②Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.定语从句或同位语对其先行词起修饰或解释说明的作用,有助于猜出该先行词的词义。③Mod
2、ernmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,amedicaltoolusedforlisteningtothemovementsofaperson’slungsandhisheartbeats.④Perhapsthemostastonishingtheorycomesoutofthemedicalresearchofkinesics,thestudyofbodymovementwhichwassuggestedbythefamousdoctorandprofessornamedSweeny.有时标点符号中的破折号“——”也可引出
3、起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。⑤Downfromtheskycameadarkfunnel-like(漏斗状的)cloud.Thisdarkcloudreachedthegroundallofasudden.Thisterribletornado—awindwhichwentroundandroundasfastas500milesanhourandpickedupeverythinginitspath,suchaslargetrees,carsandevenhouses.只要读懂以上五句话,猜出carpenter的词义是“木匠”,mos
4、quito的词义是“蚊子”,stethoscope的词义是“听诊器”,kinesics的词义是“人体运动学”,而tornado的词义是“龙卷风”应是完全可能的。2.根据对比关系猜测生词的词义在but,however,yet,otherwise或though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,很容易猜出生词的词义,例如:①Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.②Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewoth
5、eractionsareinnate.③ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.④Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.⑤Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft(n.偷窃).通过上面各句的对比,不
6、难猜出dissent的意义是:不同意,不赞同;innate的词义是:天生的;grubby的词义是肮脏的;thrifty的词义是:节俭的;innocent的词义是:无辜的。3.通过因果关系猜测词义because,since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词,so是连结表示结果的并列句的连词,so…that与such…that的中that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句中,通过因果关系,依据已知部分,就能猜出生词的词义,例如:①Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthb
7、ecauseitisveryelastic.②Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.③He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.④Turgidwiththewaterofthemelting(融化的)snow,theriverswouldsoonoverflowtheirbanks.⑤Shewantedthehairdresser(美发师)totrimherhairabitbecause
8、itwastoolong.通过上面五个句子的因果关系,依据已知部分,可以猜出el