非谓语动词有3种形式.doc

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1、非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（一）不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“nottodo”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语，但不能单独做谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of+名词或代词宾格”构成。 主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing 完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone一作主语。不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it做形式主语。1.Toseeistobelieve.2.It’sdi

2、fficult(forus)tolearnEnglish.3.It’sfoolishofhertobelievehim.=Sheisfoolishtobelievehim.二作表语1.Hisaimistowinthefirstprize.2.Allwecandois(to)wait.One’sdream/aim/ambition/wish/Thefirststep/WhatIwanttodoisto…三作宾语1.Hedemandedtobetoldthetruth.2.Hepretendedtobedoinghishomework/tohavefallenasleepwhenMo

3、thercamein.（decide/fail/manage/refuse/pretend/choose/agree/hope/plan/promise/makeupone’smind+todo）3.Idon’tknowwhattodo.（decide/findout/know/learn/consideretc+疑问词+todo）4.Anyonecanbecomeabetterscholarifhewantsto.5.---Areyouonholiday?---No,butI’dliketobe.四作宾补或主补1.I’llhavehimsaysomethingatthemeet

4、ing.havesbdo=getsbtodofeel;hear/listento;let/have/make;see/watch/lookat/notice/observesbdo但被动语态要+to,let例外Listentomereadthetext.Heisoftenlistenedtosingthesong.Hewasletgobythepolice.2.Heorderedhismentofire.wish/advise/persuade/allow/permit/want/tell/ask/expect/order/require/requestsb5todosugges

5、t/hope/agree/demand/arrangesbtodor3.Heissaidtobedoingtheworkofnextyear.It’ssaidthatheisdoingtheworkofnextyear.sb+seem/appear/happen/besaid/bereported/beknown/befound/bebelieved+todo/tobedoing/tohave(been)doneIt+seem/appear/happen/besaid…/bebelievethat….六作定语1.Ihavealotofworktodo/nopentowritewi

6、th.2.thefirsttocome/tobeawardedtheNobelPrize3.thelastpersontodosuchathing最不愿意做…的人4.thehousetobebuiltnextyear比较:thehousebeingbuiltnow/buildlastyear注意（1）做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后应有相应的介词。例如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Shehasnoknifetocutwith.但是，不定式修饰的名词如果是time、place或way，不定式

7、后面的介词习惯上要省去。例如：Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive.注意（2）做定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式或动作的承受者时，不定式可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但含义有所不同。比较：A)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）B)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么（要我或别人）寄的东西吗？（tobesent的动作执行者是被省略的me或someoneelse）七作