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1、（-）土壤矿物质矿物mineral石英quartz长石feldspar岩石rock花岗岩granite风化（作用）weather粘土clay（minerals）母质parentmaterial/subsoil苏达soda石灰lime土壤soil土体solum云母mica（二）土壤有机质有机质organicmatter泥炭peat腐殖质humus凋落物litter林褥forestfloor积累accumulate/deposit分解decomposition/decompose矿*化mineralization（三）土壤生物土壤生物体soilorgani

2、sm土壤动物（区系）soilfauna细菌bacteria真菌fungi（ploffungus）藻类algae土壤植物（区系）soilmicroflora蚯蚓earthworm蚁ant嫡mite根际therhizosphere根瘤rootnodule/roottubercle菌根mycorhiza土壤酶soilenzyme土壤学专业词汇固氮菌diazotroph（四）土壤理化性质土壤物理性质soilphysicalproperties质地texture粒组soilseparate砂质sandy壤质loam粘质clay粘重heavy砾石gravel土壤结

3、构soilstructure团粒granular土壤孔隙系统soilporesystem孔隙度porosity土壤容重bulkdensity/apparentdensity土壤比重particledensity土壤湿度状况soiltemperatureregime土壤通气性soilaeration土壤水soilwater土壤湿度soilmoisture含水量soilmoisturecontent水势waterpotential毛细作用capillary土壤颜色soilcolor蒙塞尔土壤色卡MunsellSoilColorChart土壤化学性质soil

4、chemistryproperties氧化■还原（作用）oxidation-reduction胶体colloid吸附adsorption阳离子交换量cationexchangecapacity阴离子交换anionexchange盐基饱和度saltbasepercentage/base-saturationpercentage土壤反应（pH）soilreaction（pH）酸性acid酸度acidity碱化alkalinization不完全性肥料incompletefertilizer厩肥stablemanure（长效肥料）粪便excrement碱性的a

5、lkaline（碱土）碱度alkalinity（六）养分、肥料及肥力土壤养分soilnutrientessential（要素）鸟粪guano/gwa:neu/骨粉bonemeal堆（》区）制（作堆肥）compost草皮turf必需营养元素nutrientelement大量元素macroelement微量元素micro-/traceelement氮nitrogen水的牟氮hydrolysablenitrogen硝态氮nitratenitrogen氨态氮ammoniumnitrogen磷phosphorus有效磷availablephosphorus钾po

6、tassium钙calcium镁magnesium硫sulphur铁iron乍吕aluminium锚manganese土壤养分供应soilnutrientsupply土壤肥力soilfertility肥料fertilizerormanure施月巴fertilizationormanure吸收absorptionoruptake空中施肥（飞机）aerialfertilization叶面施肥foliarfertilization草炭peat草木灰ash石灰lime石膏gypsum硝酸盐肥料nitrate过磷酸盐肥料superphosphate钾盐肥料kai

7、nite（七）土壤发生与分布分类风化作用weathering土壤发育（发生）pedogenesis/soildevelopment/genesis/formation土壤发生因素factorofsoildevelopment土壤发育过程processesof淋溶（作用）leaching/eluviation沉积deposit淀积illuviate（soil专用）沉淀（沉降）precipitation（水）饱和saturate还原（条件）reductionorreducingcondition潜育gleys好气条件aerobics（pl）（conditi

8、on）累积accumulation富集（积）enrichment/concentration•