材料物理导论-Chapter 1 Introduction, atomic structu.ppt

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1、Outline:lFundamentalconceptsinMaterialsScienceFoundationslThestatusofMaterialsScienceFoundationslWhystudyMaterialsScienceFoundationslContentsofMaterialsScienceFoundationslHowtolearnMaterialsScienceFoundationseffectivelylMaterialsissynonymouswithsubstance,andisanythingmadeofmatter

2、–hydrogen,airandwaterareallexamplesofmaterials.lMaterialsscienceisaninterdisciplinaryfieldinvolvingthepropertiesofmatteranditsapplicationstovariousareasofscienceandengineering.lMaterialssciencefoundationsisthebasictheoryofmaterialresearch,itinvestigatestherelationshipbetweenthest

3、ructureofmaterialsatatomicormolecularscalesandtheirmacroscopicproperties.Thedevelopmentandadvancementofsocietieshavebeenintimatelytiedtothemembers’abilitytoproduceandmanipulatematerials.Thehumancivilizationshavebeendesignatedbytheleveloftheirmaterialsdevelopment.lStoneAge(2.5mill

4、ionBC)lBronzeAge(3000BC)lIronAge(1000BC)lCementAge(0BC)lSteelAge(1800s)lSiliconAge(1950s)lNewMaterialsAge(1990s)1.ThemeaningofmaterialsscienceMaterialsScienceisaninterdisciplinaryfieldinvolvingphysics,chemistryandetc.Itinvestigatestherelationshipbetweenthestructureofmaterialsandt

5、heirproperties.Therightsketchmapshowsusthefourelementsofthematerialsscienceandengineering.TherelationshipbetweenmaterialsanditsstructureThestructureofmaterialsincludesdifferentcrystals,amphorousandmicrostructuresunderthemicroscope.Thepropertyofmaterialsincludesphysicalproperty,ch

6、emicalpropertyandmechanicalproperty.Theinternalstructureofmaterialsincludesfourlevels:(a)atomicstructure;(b)Bonding;(c)Atomicarrangement;(d)Microstructure2.TherelationshipbetweenthematerialsscienceandmaterialsengineeringThemaindifferencebetweenMaterialsScienceandMaterialsEngineer

7、ingisthattheirfocusisdifferent,However,thereisnoadefiniteborderlinebetweenthesetwosciences.Therefore,wealwaysputthemtogetherandcallitMaterialsScienceandEngineering(MRS).lMaterialssciencesincludesthefollowingthreeparts:lMaterialsengineeringincludesthefollowingfiveparts:Thefourelem

8、entsofMaterialsScienceandEngineeringlStr