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1、第34卷第4期公路交通科技Vol.34No.42017年4月JournalofHighwayandTransportationResearchandDevelopmentApr.2017doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2017.04.008逐级加载条件下低液限饱和黏土的渗透试验李又云,张玉伟,刘保健(长安大学特殊地区公路工程教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710064)摘要:为研究饱和黏土不同荷载下的渗透特性,利用改制的K固结仪进行逐级加载条件下的变水头渗透试验,考虑0饱和黏性土的有效孔隙比概念,分析了逐级
2、荷载条件下起始水头、有效孔隙比、渗透系数和有效渗透系数的变化规律。结果表明:原状土的起始水头变化可以分为快速增加和缓慢增加两个阶段;重塑土起始水头与总水头变化速率有一定关联;原状土样的有效孔隙随着固结压力的增加逐渐减小;重塑土无效孔隙比的变化规律类似于原状土;当土样的结构逐渐破坏,其结构差异性趋于一致,有效孔隙比大的土样,其有效渗透系数较大;黏性土的渗透系数不仅与土体结构相关,土样在固结过程中对应的初始孔隙比、有效孔隙比的变化规律、水头高度及水头高度变化速率也对其有重要影响。关键词:道路工程;渗透试验;K固结仪;饱和黏土;有效
3、孔隙比;有效渗透系数0中图分类号:TU45文献标识码:A文章编号:1002-0268(2017)04-0050-08StudyonPermeabilityCharacteristicsofSaturatedClayunderStepwiseLoadingConditionLIYou-yun,ZHANGYu-wei,LIUBao-jian(KeyLaboratoryforSpecialAreaHighwayEngineeringofMinistryofEducation,Chang’anUniversity,Xi’anShaan
4、xi710064,China)Abstract:Tostudythepermeabilityofsaturatedclayunderdifferentloads,thevariableheadpermeabilitytestunderstepwiseloadsisconductedbyusingmodifiedKoedometer.Thechangelawsofinitialwaterhead,0effectivevoidratio,permeabilitycoefficientandeffectivepermeability
5、coefficientunderstepwiseloadsareanalyzedconsideringtheconceptofefficientporeratioofsaturatedclay.Theresultshowsthat(1)thechangeofinitialwaterheadofundisturbedsoilcanbedividedintorapidlyincreasingstageandslowlyincreasingstage;(2)thechangerateofinitialwaterheadofdistu
6、rbedsoilhascertainrelevancewiththechangerateoftotalwaterhead;(3)theefficientvoidofundisturbedsoildecreaseswiththeincreaseofconsolidationpressure;(4)thechangelawofuneffectivevoidratioofdisturbedsoilissimilartothatofundisturbedsoil;(5)whenthestructureofsoiltendtofailu
7、re,thestructuraldifferencestendtobeconsistent,iftheeffectivevoidratioofthesoilsampleislarge,itspermeabilitycoefficientislargetoo;(6)thepermeabilitycoefficientofclayisnotonlyrelatedtosoilstructure,butalsomajoraffectedbythechangelawsofinitialvoidratioandefficientvoidr
8、atio,waterheadanditschangerateintheprogressofconsolidation.Keywords:roadengineering;permeabilitytest;Koedometer;saturatedclay;effectivevoi