英语句子成分及练习教学教案.ppt

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1、语法复习----句子成分一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。（但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。）主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。例如：Threeplustwoisfive.ItisagreatpleasuretoswimintheriverSm

2、okingdoesharmtothehealth.Therearemanystudentsinmyclass.Areyouastudent?Herecomesthebus.HecandoitandsocanI.Whowillattendthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（三）谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunninge

3、verymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.谓语体现时态和语态。时态现在时：一般现在时:现在进行时:现在完成时:现在完成进行时:过去时:一般过去时:过去进行时:过去完成时：过去将来时：将来时:一般将来时:将来进行时:将来完成时:语态Is/am/are+---或does/doIs/am/

4、are+doingHas/have+doneHas/have+been+doingWas/were+---或didWas/were+doingHad+doneWould/should+doShall/will+doShall/will+be+doingShall/will+have+doneIs/am/are+Is/am/are+being+Has/have+been+----------------------Was/were+Was/were+being+Had+been+Would/should+be+Shall/will+be

5、+-----------------------Shall/will+have+been+done（与非谓语比较）Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Wearestudents.非谓语动词todotohavedonetobedoingtobedonetohavebeendonedoinghavingdonedonebeingdonehavingbeendo

6、ne主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式√√√√动名词√√√分词√√√√√√√Shefoundthedoorclosed.2.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hemadethesamemistake.3.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.4.Walkingonthestreet,hecameacrosshisformerteacher.5.Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.6.Abigfirebrokeoutinashop,causing100deat

7、hs.（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动词ing、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：1.Theweatherhasturnedcold.2.Thespeechisexciting.3.HisjobistoteachEnglish.4.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.5.Timeisup.Theclassisover.6.T

8、hetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（五）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyeste