高中英语阅读理解精读荟萃(基础篇)3.doc

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1、PassageOneSuperconductingMaterialsThestoneage,TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.Sowhattocallthedecadesahead?Thechoicewillbetough・Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience一oncetheleastsexytechnology一isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductin

2、gceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics・Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture:fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth,theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics,glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscienc

3、e・Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers^increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics,forexample,havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrit什eness・Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit,scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualit

4、iesashardnessandheatresistanee.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode・Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges,ice-skatingrinksan

5、dhelicopterrotors・Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars,touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop・Evenplasticlitter,whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape,hasprovedamenabletomol

6、eculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;someplasticsix-packringsforexample,graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides,composites一plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercom

7、pounds一madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat:ahelmetsavedaninfantryman^lifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryarema

8、deofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.Butnewmaterialsh