南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况及其成因.pdf

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1、第23卷第1O期中国矿业Vol_23，No．102014年1O月CHINAMININGMAGAZINEOct．2014绿色矿业南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况及其成因罗才贵，罗仙平，周娜娜，张艳，邓扬悟(1．江西理工大学，江西赣州341000；2．江西省矿冶环境污染控制重点实验室，江西赣州341000；3．国家离子型稀土资源高效开发利用工程技术研究中心，江西赣州341000)摘要：本文综述了我国南方废弃稀土矿区大面积植被破坏，水土流失严重、滑坡、泥石流危险，重金属污染，水体污染，土壤污染和氟污染的生态失衡状况；并详细分析了造成南方废弃稀土矿区生态失

2、衡状况的成因，如采用池浸、堆浸和原地浸取工艺提取稀土的不足，稀土矿的矿床厚度薄且分布较为广泛、稀土品位较低同时资源利用率低，南方离子型稀土资源未充分进行整合、相关部门对稀土矿开采的准人和监管不到位，针对离子型稀土矿区生态恢复的研究滞后、未形成可推广的稀土废弃地生态修复模式等；最后，从以下诸方面提出了改善南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况的建议，如：开发提取稀土的新工艺、加快稀土资源整合的步伐、加大稀土废弃地生态修复研究的投入等。关键词：南方废弃稀土矿区；生态失衡；状况；成因中图分类号：X114文献标识码：A文章编号：1004—4051(2014)1O

3、-0065-06Statusandcausesofecologicalimbalanceofabandonedrare—earthmineinSouthChinaLUOCai—gui～，LUOXian-ping’，ZHOUNana，ZHANGYan，DENGYang—wu’(1．JiangxiUniversityofScienceandTechnology，Ganzhou341000，China；2．JiangxiKeyLaboratoryofMining&MetallurgyEnvironmentalPollutionControl，Ganz

4、hou341000，China；3．StateEngineeringTechnologyResearchCenterofIonicTypeRareEarthResourcesEfficientlyExploitationandUtilization，Ganzhou34i000，China)Abstract：Thispapersummarizedtheecologicalimbalancestatusofabandonedrare—earthmineinSouthChina，suchasalargeareaofvegetationdamage，s

5、erioussoilerosion，landslides，mudslides，heavymetalpollution，waterpollution，soilcontaminationandfluorinepollution．ThecauseswhichleadtotheecologicalimbalancesstatusofSouthernabandonedrare—earthminewereanalyzed，suchastheinsufficiencyofusingtankleaching，heapleachingandIn—situleac

6、hingprocesstOextractrareearthresources，mineralthicknessandtasteofrareearthore，whichdistributedwidely，arerespectivelythinandlowgrade，alongwiththelowutilizationratesofresource，southernionicrareearthresourcesarenotfullyintegrated，accessandsupervisionofrareearthminingbyrelevantd

7、epartmentsareineffective，theecologicalrecoveryresearchofiontyperareearthmineislaggingbehindandhavenotformedanpropagableecologicalrestorationmodeofrareearthwasteland．Intheend，thefollowingaspectsofsuggestionsweremadetOimprovetheecologicalimbalancestatusofabandonedrare—earthmin

8、einSouthChina，suchasdevelopnewrare—earthextractionprocess，acceleratetheinte