WayneOpenLectureOnMediaInfluence英文学习教学教案.ppt

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1、HierarchyReportersRoutinesOrganizationOutsideinfluencesSocietyWhatcanbeinfluenced?1.Issues/peopleWhatgetscoveredJournalistsshowbiasjustbythetopictheychoosetocover.Example:Beatsystem.Journalistscoverbuildings.Whatcanbeinfluenced?2.Framingofissues/peopleWhataspect

2、sofstoriesgetcoveredExample:Cutsinwelfareprogramsvs.increaseintaxes.Whichmakesabetterstory?Whatcanbeinfluenced?3.QualityofcoverageHowpositive/negativethecoverageisExample:Adversarialrelationshipbetweengovernmentofficialsandreporters.MonicaLewinskycase?Whatcanbei

3、nfluenced?4.WhogetsquotedSourcesframestoriesAvailability,quotability,namerecognition,knownopinionWhatcanbeinfluenced?5.Howsomeonegetsquoted“...Quotes…canbe…changedby…simplegrammatical…techniques...”Canthespeakerstringacompletesentencetogether?Whatcanbeinfluenced

4、?6.VisualcontentDophotographerscapturethemostsignificant“frozenmomentofreality”?Dophotographerscapturetheunusual?Whatcanbeinfluenced?7.JuxtapositionPeopleconnectelementsplacedneareachother.LibelcaseinAlbuquerqueNixoncommercialWhatcanbeinfluenced?8.ChoiceofwordsH

5、iddenmeaninginwordsWalk?Talk?Whatcanbeinfluenced?9.ContextReportingcanbeaccurate,yetmisleadingbyremovingthecontextoftheinformation.Half-hourinterviewtogetoneortwosentences.LevelsofinfluenceFromShoemakerandReese,“MediatingtheMessage”HierarchyofinfluenceShoemakera

6、ndReeseHierarchyofInfluence:BullseyewithdifferentlevelsofinfluenceHierarchyReportersLevelIInfluenceofindividualsReportersinfluencemediacontentmerelybyselectingstorytopics.Reportersalsoinfluencemediacontentthroughframing.KeystudyDavidManningWhite(1950)Usedtheterm

7、“Gatekeeper”firstcoinedbyLewin,asociologist.Mr.GatesWhitekepttrackofstoriesselectedbyawireeditorinPeoria,Ill.WhiteaskedMr.Gatestokeeptrackofwhyheselectedsomestoriesandeliminatedothers.Gatekeepingresults“Notinteresting”“B.S.”Don’tcareforsuchstories.Gatekeepingcon

8、clusion:“Thecommunityshallhearasfactonlythoseeventswhichthenewsman,astherepresentativeofhisculture,believestobetrue.”Theselectionprocessisextremelysubjective.Hierarch