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1、ARGUMENTATIONIntroductionofCONTENTS目录1.Definition2.PrinciplesandConventions3.Argumentstructures4.Strategy6.Anexample5.CommonlogicalfallaciesandweaknessinargumentWhatisargumentation?Argumentationisanalyzed,reviewofaproblemorsomething,thatastyleoftheirownpointofview,position,attitud
2、e,viewsandpropositions.CriticalreviewEditorialsResumeLetterstotheeditorsExamplesofargumentationwritingare:JobevaluationJobapplicationletterLetterofrecommendation2.PrinciplesandConventionsAgoodargumentationshouldabidebythefollowingconventions:FollowtherulesofreasonThreekindsofevide
3、nce:objectivedata,socialconsensus,personalcredibilityandexperienceEvidencemustbepresentedlogicallyThreetypesofappeals:ethos(喻德）,logos（喻理）,pathos（喻情）14Awell-defined,controversialissueAclearpositiontakenbythewriterAconvincingargument23AreasonabletoneAgoodargumentationshouldinclude:1
4、.Awell-defined,controversialissue:e.g.Firstchildrenaresmarter---Butwhy?Marriagemakesourchildrenricher—Here'swhyEatingpopcorninthecinemamakespeopleimmunetoadvertisingMenandwomencan'tbe'justfriends'2.Aclearpositiontakenbythewritere.g.CorrectCanheterosexualmenandwomeneverbe“justfrien
5、ds”?anewstudysuggeststhatmen,relativetowomen,haveaparticularlyhardtimebeing“justfriends.”e.g.ErrorXXXisoneofthemostimportantthingsinpeople’slife.Ithasmanyadvantages.However,justaseverycoinhastwosides,XXXalsohassomedisadvantages.3.Aconvincingargumentfacts,statistics,testimony,examp
6、les4.AreasonabletoneIbelive······Ithink······CONTENTS目录1.Definition2.PrinciplesandConventions3.Argumentstructures4.Strategy6.Anexample5.CommonlogicalfallaciesandweaknessinargumentComplexargumentCompoundargumentChainargumentSimpleargumentConvergentargumentArgumentstructures1.Simple
7、argumentClaimSupportinferenceAsimpleargumentonlycontainsaclaim,asupportandainference,asshowninthefollowing:SUPERNANNIESTokeepupwiththetimes,NorlandCollegeinEngland,trainningnannies,hasaddedtwonewclassestoitscurriculum:martialartsandstuntdriving(特技驾驶).Why?Becausethechildrenoftheric
8、handfamousareoftentargetedbythepa
