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ID:51313133
大小:2.47 MB
页数:43页
时间:2020-03-21
《《英美文化概况》PPT课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter3GovernmentandtheCommonwealthTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况PoliticalPartiesConstitutionGovernmentElectionTheCommonwealthIIIIIIIVVCONTENTConstitutionIGreatBritain(UK)isaparl
2、iamentarydemocracywithaconstitutionalmonarchastheheadofstateBritishConstitutionismadeupof:StatutoryLaw(成文法)CommonLaw(判例法)Conventions(习惯法)1.1StatutoryLawpassedbyParliamentexampletheMagnaCarta(1215)whichprotectstherightsofthecommunityagainsttheCrowntheBillofRights(1689)whichextendsthepowersofParl
3、iamenttheReformAct(1832)whichreformstheparliamentaryelectoralsystemtheEuropeanCommunitiesAct(1972)theEuropeanCommunities(Amendment)Act(1986)whichdefinestherelationshipbetweenBritainandtheEuropeanCommunity(欧共体).Constitution1.2Commonlaw(判例法)deducedfromcustomorlegalprecedentsandinterpretedincourtca
4、sesbyjudges1.3Conventions(习惯法)rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegally,butareregardedasvitaltotheworkingofgovernment.(forexample:Themonarchreignsbutdoesnotrule.)1.ConstitutionGovernmentII2.1TheLegislature2.2TheExecutive2.3TheJudiciary2.1TheLegislatureBasicStructureofUKCentralGovernmentMonarch(non
5、-political)Legislature—ParliamentExecutiveJudiciary(non-political)HouseofCommons(political)HouseofLords(semi-political)PrimeMinister&Cabinet(political)Ministers&Civilservice(non-political)HouseofLordsCourtofAppeal2.1.1ParliamentParliamentthelaw-makingbodyofBritainoneoftheoldestrepresentativeasse
6、mbliesintheworld(inthemid-13thcentury)Strictlyspeaking,theparliamentconsistsoftheKingorQueen,theHouseofLords(上议院),theHouseofCommons(下议院)QueenElizabethIIBorn:April21,1926QueensinceJune2,1953QueenElizabethIIisa“constitutionalmonarch”Althoughsheisofficiallytheheadofstate,thecountryisactuallyrunbyth
7、egovernmentandledbythePrimeMinister.2.1.2QueenBuckinghamPalace2.1.2QueenQueenElizabethII2.1.2QueenShereignsbutdoesnotrule!Theoretically,sheisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers:anintegralpartofthelegislatureheadoftheexecutive,exe
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