基础英语测试学复习题 附答案.doc

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1、基础英语测试学复习题（一）英语测试的发展阶段1Pre-scientificstageThisstagereferstotheperiodthatlastedto1950s.Atthattimetheforeignlanguageteachingputemphasisonthewrittenformratherthanonthecommunicativeaspectofthelanguage.Nospecialskillorexpertiseintestingwasrequired:thesubjectivejudgmentoftheteac

2、herwasconsideredtobeofparamountimportance.Testusuallyconsistedofessaywriting,translation,grammaticalanalysisandsometimesoraltests.Spolskycallsthetraditionalapproachpre-scientificbecauseitpaidnoattentiontosuchmattersasreliabilityandobjectivityanddidn'tusestatisticalmethods.

3、2Psychometric-structurestageThedominanttestingforminthe1950sand1960swaspsychometric-structuralapproach.Americanlinguist,RobertLado,oneofthefirsttestingscholar,stressedontwopointswithanaimtoestablishanobjectiveaspectofmeasuringhumanlanguageproficiency:First,testshouldtestla

4、nguageusagesandnotknowledgeaboutlanguage.Second,thestructurestobetestedshouldbevalidstructuresincolloquiallanguageuse.Thestructuralsentence-basedviewoflanguagefittedinquitewellwiththepsychometricquestforsamplesofindividualelementstobetested-Thisresultedinstandardizedtestsw

5、ithanemphasisondiscretepointitems,whichcanbefurtherdividedintosubtests.Thetestsarecharacterizedbytheconvictionthattestingcanbeobjective,precise,reliableandscientific.Themultiple-choiceformatwasregardedasasatisfactoryinstrumentinmeasuringtheproficiencyinthecomprehensionofwr

6、ittenEnglish.3Psycholinguistic—sociolinguisticstageThisstageisaperiodthatcoversthe1960sand1970swhenNoamChomskyMlinguisticstheoryswayedthebasisofstructuralism.Thisinvolvesthetestingoflanguageincontextandisthusconcernedprimarilywithmeaningandthetotalcommunicativeeffectofthed

7、iscourse.Asearlyas1961,JohnB.Carrollemphasizedthat,inadditiontodiscretepointtests,integrativetestsshouldbeused,thesearetestswhicharenotsomuchaimedattestingseparateelementsbutmeasuringthetotalcommunicativeeffectofanutterance.Theintegrativetestdoesnotseektoseparatethelanguag

8、eskillsintoneatdivisionstoimprovetestreliability;instead,theyareoftendesignedtoassessthel