基础英语测试学复习题 附答案

《基础英语测试学复习题 附答案》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、基础英语测试学复习题（一）英语测试的发展阶段1Pre-scientificstageThisstagereferstotheperiodthatlastedto1950s.Atthattimetheforeignlanguageteachingputemphasisonthewrittenformratherthanonthecommunicativeaspectofthelanguage.Nospecialskillorexpertiseintestingwasrequired:thesubjectivejudgmentoftheteacherwas

2、consideredtobeofparamountimportance.Testusuallyconsistedofessaywriting,translation,grammaticalanalysisandsometimesoraltests.Spolskycallsthetraditionalapproachpre-scientificbecauseitpaidnoattentiontosuchmattersasreliabilityandobjectivityanddidn’tusestatisticalmethods.2Psychometri

3、c--structurestageThedominanttestingforminthe1950sand1960swaspsychometric--structuralapproach.Americanlinguist,RobertLado,oneofthefirsttestingscholar,stressedontwopointswithanaimtoestablishanobjectiveaspectofmeasuringhumanlanguageproficiency:First,testshouldtestlanguageusagesandn

4、otknowledgeaboutlanguage.Second,thestructurestobetestedshouldbevalidstructuresincolloquiallanguageuse.Thestructuralsentence-basedviewoflanguagefittedinquitewellwiththepsychometricquestforsamplesofindividualelementstobetested.Thisresultedinstandardizedtestswithanemphasisondiscret

5、epointitems,whichcanbefurtherdividedintosubtests.Thetestsarecharacterizedbytheconvictionthattestingcanbeobjective,precise,reliableandscientific.Themultiple-choiceformatwasregardedasasatisfactoryinstrumentinmeasuringtheproficiencyinthecomprehensionofwrittenEnglish.3Psycholinguist

6、ic—sociolinguisticstageThisstageisaperiodthatcoversthe1960sand1970swhenNoamChomsky’slinguisticstheoryswayedthebasisofstructuralism.Thisinvolvesthetestingoflanguageincontextandisthusconcernedprimarilywithmeaningandthetotalcommunicativeeffectofthediscourse.Asearlyas1961,JohnB.Carr

7、ollemphasizedthat,inadditiontodiscretepointtests,integrativetestsshouldbeused,thesearetestswhicharenotsomuchaimedattestingseparateelementsbutmeasuringthetotalcommunicativeeffectofanutterance.Theintegrativetestdoesnotseektoseparatethelanguageskillsintoneatdivisionstoimprovetestre

8、liability;instead,theyareoftendesignedtoassesst