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1、TheCapacitance-Power-HysteresisTrilemmainNanoporousSupercapacitorsAlphaALee,1,2DominicVella,2AlainGoriely,2andSvyatoslavKondrat3,41SchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences,HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,MA02138,USA2MathematicalInstitute,AndrewWilesBuilding,UniversityofOxford,WoodstockRoad,OxfordOX
2、26GG,UnitedKingdom3IBG-1:Biotechnology,ForschungszentrumJ¨ulich,52425J¨ulich,Germany4DepartmentofChemistry,FacultyofNaturalSciences,ImperialCollegeLondon,SW72AZ,UKNanoporoussupercapacitorsareanimportantplayerinthefieldofenergystoragethatfillthegapbetweendielectriccapacitorsandbatteries.Thekeyc
3、hallengeinthedevelopmentofsupercapacitorsistheperceivedtradeoffbetweencapacitanceandpowerdelivery.Currenteffortstoboostthecapacitanceofnanoporoussuperca-pacitorsfocusonreducingtheporesizesothattheycanonlyaccommodateasinglelayerofions.However,thistightpackingcompromisesthechargingdynamicsandhen
4、cepowerdensity.WeshowviaananalyticaltheoryandMonteCarlosimulationsthatchargingissensitivelydependentontheaffinityofionstothepores,andthathighcapacitancescanbeobtainedforionophobicporesofwidthssignificantlylargerthantheiondiameter.Ourtheoryalsopredictsthatchargingcanbehystereticwithasignificanten
5、ergylosspercycleforintermediateionophilicities.Weusetheseob-servationstoexploretheparameterregimesinwhichacapacitance-power-hysteresisarXiv:1510.05595v2[cond-mat.mtrl-sci]15Jun2016trilemmamaybeavoided.I.INTRODUCTIONThephysicsofchargestorageatthenanoscalehasreceivedsignificantattentioninre-cen
6、tyearsduetoitsrelevanceforefficientenergystorageandthedevelopmentofnovelgreentechnologies[1–3].Inparticular,extensiveefforthasbeenchanneledintostudyingelectricaldoublelayercapacitors(alsocalledsupercapacitors)inwhichenergyisstoredat2theelectrode-electrolyteinterface.Theirimportanceforenergystor
7、agehasstimulatedthedevelopmentofnoveltechniquesforfabricationofconductingnanoporousmaterials[3,4].Forinstance,high-temperaturechlorinationofcarbidesproducescarbonelectrodeswithanetworkofslitand/orcylindricalnanoporeswithnarrowpore-sizedistributiona
