初中定语从句讲解及练习.doc

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1、初中定语从句讲解及练习定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从

2、句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisaga

3、mewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从

4、句中做定语 (1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? (6)doyoulikethebookthecoloro

5、fwhichisyellow? 三、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1)theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous. (2)theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous. (3)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor. (4)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked. (5)we'llgotohearthefa

6、moussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout. (6)we'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等 (1)thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(t) (2)thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.(f)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who

7、或者that；指物时用which，不能用that； (1)themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(t) (2)themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(f) (3)theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisverycomfortable.(t) (4)theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisverycomfortable.(f) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等

8、代词或者数词 (1)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothof