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公文写作论文：中国公文写作策略研究【中文摘要】 在公文写作过程中,公文写作策略始终贯穿其中。为使公文更好地服务公务活动,在公文写作时,要注意运用恰当的公文写作策略。目前,人们对公文写作策略的认识并不清晰,本文通过调查文献,结合当前公文写作实践,有地搜集有关公文写作策略现实状况或历史状况的材料,运用归纳和演绎、分析与综合以及抽象与概括等方法,对获得的各种材料从写作学角度进行思维加工,旨在认识公文写作策略的本质、揭示其内在规律,以指导公文写作实践。本文分两个层面对公文写作策略进行研究,一是理论层而,二是实践层面。在理论层面,分以下几个方面：一是通过对公文写作主体、写作客体、写作载体、写作受体四体共时运动的考察,明确公文写作策略核心任务是如何让写作主体写出的公文尽可能被写作受体所接受,进而影响和改变写作受体的思想和行为,实现公文的社会价值,同时还需同步解决公文写作主体的心理调频问题、公文写作客体的思维加工问题、公文写作载体的图式选取问题和写作载体的制作问题等;二是通过对公文写作历时运动的考察,把公文写作分为五个阶段,因而也存在六种矛盾类型,公文写作过程各阶段矛盾特点不同,决定了每个阶段都有相应的单项策略；三是对形成公文写作策略需要条件进行分析,提出一定社会的经济基础以及建立在经济基础之上的上层建筑是公文写作策略形成的社会基础,写作策略的形成还需注重从中国传统文化中汲取策略营养,要对中国的政治体制有着清晰的认识,还要深刻把握公文的特点,加强自身的综合素质特别是文字能力的培养。在实践层面,分为以下几个方面：一是把《孙子兵法》提出的“道、天、地、将、法”作为指导公文写作的总体策略；二是将公文写作的共性策略归纳概括为直陈策略、模式策略和虚实策略三种共性策略；三是根据公文行文方向提出上行文以柔克刚、下行文以刚制柔、平行文刚柔并济的写作策略。【英文摘要】Intheprocessoftheofficialdocumentwriting,theofficialdocumentwritingstrategyalwaysbeappliedfrombeginningtoend.Inordertobetterservethepublicactivities,theappropriatewritingstrategyshouldbepaidattentiontowhilewritingtheofficialdocument.Atpresent,writersarenotclearaboutthewritingstrategy.Inordertograsptheessenceandrevealthelawoftheofficialdocumentwritingstrategy,thestudiesdemonstratestheofficialdocumentwritingstrategythroughreviewingliterature,inconjunctionwiththecurrentpracticeoftheofficialdocumentwriting,purposefullycollectingthecurrentorhistoricaldocumentrelatedtotheofficialdocumentwritingstrategy,theresearchmethodsincludeinductionanddeduction,analysisandsynthesisaswellasabstractandsummaryandothermethods,allgathereddocumentsareprocessedbythinkingthewritingdisciplinesothatthispapercanguidetheactivity oftheofficialdocumentwriting.Thestudiesdemonstratetheofficialdocumentwritingstrategyfromtwoaspects,oneistheoretical,anotherispractical.Fromtheoryaspect,thispapermaybedividedintothefollowing.aspects:First,throughstudyingthesynchronicmovementofthewritingfour-bodywhichincludestheofficialdocumentwritingsubject,theofficialdocumentwritingobject,theofficialdocumentwritingvectorandtheofficialdocumentwritingreceptor,thestudiessuggestthatthecoremissionoftheofficialdocumentwritingstrategyisthattheofficialdocumenthowtobeacceptedbytheofficialdocumentwritingreceptor,soastoinfluenceandchangethinkingandactoftheofficialdocumentwritingreceptorandrealizethesocialvalueofdocuments.Atthesametime,theofficialdocumentwritingstrategyalsoneedsolveotherproblemsincludingthepsychologyfrequencymodulationoftheofficialdocumentwritingsubject,thinkingprocessoftheofficialdocumentwritingobject,patternselectionoftheofficialdocumentwritingvectorandmakingtheofficialdocumentwritingvector.Thesecond,throughstudyingthediachronicmovementoftheofficialdocumentwriting,theofficialdocumentwritingprocesscanbedividedintofivestages,therefore,itexistsixtypesofcontradiction,the contradictioncharacteristicofeachstagedeterminesthecorrespondingsinglewritingstrategy.Thethird,throughanalyzingtheformationconditionsofwritingstrategy,thestudiesproposethatthebaseofwritingstrategyistheeconomicbaseofacertainsocietyandthesuperstructurebasedonthesocietyeconomicbase.Atthesametime,theformationofwritingstrategyneedabsorbnourishmentfromthetraditionalChineseculture,understandChina’spoliticalsystem,grasptheofficialdocumentcharacteristicsandstrengthenthewriter’soverallqualityespeciallywritingability.Frompracticeaspect,thepapermaybedividedintothefollowingaspects:First,theoverallstrategyoftheofficialdocumentwritingmaybesimilarto“dao”“tian”“di”“general”“law”whicharefromtheancientChinesebookof.Thesecond,theofficialdocumentwriting’scommonstrategymaybesummarizedas“directnarrativestrategy”,“modelstrategy”andthe“abstractionVsconcretizationstrategy”.Thethird,accordingtothedifferentobjectthattheofficialdocumentdeliverto,theupwardofficialdocumentwritingstrategymaylooklike“conqueringthehardnesswiththesoftness”,thedownwardofficialdocumentwritingstrategymaylooklike“conqueringthesoftnesswiththehardness” ,theparallelwardofficialdocumentwritingstrategymaylooklike“couplehardnesswithsoftness”.【关键词】公文写作共时运动历时运动孙子兵法写作策略【英文关键词】OfficialdocumentwritingSynchronicmovementDiachronicmovementLawofwarbySunziWritingstrategy【目录】中国公文写作策略研究摘要4-5ABSTRACT5-6目录7-8引言8-10第一章中国公文写作策略概述10-16§1.1策略概念探析10-12§1.2公文写作策略的特点探析12-16第二章在公文写作的共时运动中把握公文写作策略的任务16-19§2.1公文写作的共时运动16-17§2.2公文写作策略的任务17-18§2.3公文写作策略与写作构思、写作技能、写作技巧、写作技法、写作思维、写作心理辨析18-19第三章在公文写作的历时运动中把握公文写作单项策略19-24§3.1公文写作的历时运动19-20§3.2公文写作的矛盾类型20-22§3.3公文写作单项策略的存在类型22-24第四章公文写作策略的形成条件探析24-30§4.1公文写作策略的影响因素24-25§4.2公文写作策略形成的必要条件25-30第五章公文写作策略实践操作30-44§5.1公文写作的总体策略——统筹把握”道、天、地、将、法” 30-36§5.2公文写作的共性策略36-37§5.3上行文、下行文、平行文的写作策略37-44结论44-45致谢45-46参考文献46-47
