英国政治英文介绍.ppt

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1、Lecture6PoliticalSystemIIJudicialSystem1TheConstitutionBritainhasnowrittenconstitution.(Theonlytwocountrieswithoutwrittenconstitutions:IsraelandtheU.K.)Muchoftheconstitutionisbasedonunwrittencustomsandrulescalledconventions.Anditisembodiedinanumberofseparatelaws.2thema

2、insourcesoflawinclude:CommonLaw习惯法StatuteLaw(ActsofParliament)成文法EuropeanCommunityLaw(economicandsocialmatters)3EnglishLawhasalonghistory,muchofitbeingderivedfromwhatiscalled“commonlaw”.Thisislawasdecidedbyjudges,theirdecisionsincasesbeingarrivedatafterconsideringthecu

3、stomsandpracticesofthepeopleinvolved.Theotherkindoflaw,statutelaw,islawmadebyParliament.4CourtsysteminEnglandandWalesHighCourtCrownCourts皇家（巡回）刑事法庭CountyCourts郡法庭Magistrates’Courts治安法庭5CriminalCourts(inEnglandandWales)Magistrates’Courts:thelessseriousoffencesandthevast

4、majorityofcriminalcases(theft,thelessseriouscasesofburglaryandsomeassaults)YouthCourts:mostcasesinvolvingpeopleunder18TheCrowncourts:triesthemostseriousoffences(murder,manslaughter,rapeandrobbery)6CivilCourts1.Magistrates’Courts2.CountyCourts(contract,mortgage,raceands

5、exdiscrimination,divorcecasesandotherfamilymatters3.HighCourt7InsidetheCourtNobodyisabovethelawThecriminallawpresumestheinnocenceoftheaccuseduntilhehasbeenprovedguiltybeyondreasonabledoubtAllcriminaltrialsareheldinopencourtIncriminalsbyjury,thejudgepassessentencebutthe

6、jurydecidestheissueofguiltorinnocence.8TheJury:consistsof12laypeopleselectedatrandom.Anybodywhoisahouseholderbetweentheageof18-70canbecalledtoserveatanytime.Thejurydecideswhetheranaccusedpersonisguiltyinmostcriminaltrials.Judges:MostappointedbytheQueenontheadviceoftheP

7、M.ExceptfortheLordChancelloralljudgesareindependentofthepoliticalsystem.Magistrates治安官：Laypeoplewhoarerespectedandresponsiblemembersoftheirlocalcommunityareselectedtoserveasmagistrates.Theyarenotpaidfortheworkandthenundergosomepart-timetraining.AMagistrates’courtsitswi

8、thoutajury.9Legalprofession:BarristersSolicitors10Police:bobby,peeler;“ScotlandYard”unarmedtradition11BritishForeignR